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. 2024 Aug 20:17:3613-3619.
doi: 10.2147/IJGM.S476430. eCollection 2024.

Association Between Periodontal Diseases and Hypothyroidism: A Case-Control Study

Fatemah Mohammed AlAhmari  1 , Hind Saleh Albahouth  2 , Hadeel Ali Almalky  2 , Ebtihal Saad Almutairi  2 , Muzun Hamoud Alatyan  2 , Lama Ali Alotaibi  2
Affiliations

Association Between Periodontal Diseases and Hypothyroidism: A Case-Control Study

Fatemah Mohammed AlAhmari et al. Int J Gen Med. .

Abstract

Objective: Periodontal diseases are chronic inflammatory disorders influenced by systemic health of the individual. This study aimed to investigate the association between hypothyroidism and periodontal disease in a cohort of adult Saudi population.

Methods: This case-control study included 201 adults with hypothyroidism on hormone replacement therapy and 188 healthy controls. The medical files of patients were reviewed to check thyroid stimulation hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) levels. Participants completed a questionnaire on demographic and health information, followed by a comprehensive periodontal examination. Pearson chi-square and binary logistic regression analyses determined associations, with a significance set at p ≤0.05.

Results: Gingivitis was found in 20.9% of cases and 58% of controls. Periodontitis stages I, II, III and IV were in general higher in cases compared to controls (23.4%, 27.9%, 21.9%, 6% in cases versus 13.8%, 17%, 9.6%, 1.6% in controls, respectively). Mean PPD and CAL values were higher in cases (5.54 ± 2.5 and 3.88 ± 3.1) than in controls (4.03 ± 1.6 and 1.72 ± 2.4). Significant associations between periodontal status and hypothyroidism were found (p < 0.0001). The periodontal status in hypothyroid cases correlated significantly with hormone replacement therapy dose and duration (p < 0.0001).

Conclusion: The findings of the current study showed that, in a cohort of adult Saudi subjects, patients with hypothyroidism have higher prevalence and more severe periodontal disease symptoms compared to controls, suggesting significant association.

Keywords: association; case–control study; hormone replacement therapy; hypothyroidism; periodontal diseases.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.

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