. 2024 Aug 27;17(1):74.

doi: 10.1186/s13045-024-01593-y.

Global burden of thyroid cancer from 1990 to 2021: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Tianjiao Zhou^#^{1

2

3}, Xiaoting Wang^#^{1

2

3}, Jingyu Zhang^#^{1

2

3}, Enhui Zhou^#^{1

2

3}, Chen Xu^{1

2

3}, Ying Shen⁴, Jianyin Zou^{1

2

3}, Wen Lu^{1

2

3}, Kaiming Su^{1

2

3}, Weijun Huang^{5

6

7}, Hongliang Yi^{8

9

10}, Shankai Yin^{11

12

13}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
² Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China.
³ Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
⁴ Department of Otolaryngology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
⁵ Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. hellohuangwj@126.com.
⁶ Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China. hellohuangwj@126.com.
⁷ Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. hellohuangwj@126.com.
⁸ Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. yihongl@126.com.
⁹ Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China. yihongl@126.com.
¹⁰ Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. yihongl@126.com.
¹¹ Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. skyin@sjtu.edu.cn.
¹² Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China. skyin@sjtu.edu.cn.
¹³ Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. skyin@sjtu.edu.cn.

^# Contributed equally.

PMID: 39192360
PMCID: PMC11348565
DOI: 10.1186/s13045-024-01593-y

Global burden of thyroid cancer from 1990 to 2021: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Tianjiao Zhou et al. J Hematol Oncol. 2024.

. 2024 Aug 27;17(1):74.

doi: 10.1186/s13045-024-01593-y.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
² Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China.
³ Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
⁴ Department of Otolaryngology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
⁵ Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. hellohuangwj@126.com.
⁶ Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China. hellohuangwj@126.com.
⁷ Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. hellohuangwj@126.com.
⁸ Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. yihongl@126.com.
⁹ Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China. yihongl@126.com.
¹⁰ Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. yihongl@126.com.
¹¹ Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. skyin@sjtu.edu.cn.
¹² Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai, China. skyin@sjtu.edu.cn.
¹³ Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. skyin@sjtu.edu.cn.

^# Contributed equally.

PMID: 39192360
PMCID: PMC11348565
DOI: 10.1186/s13045-024-01593-y

Abstract

Thyroid cancer (TC) is a significant global healthcare burden. However, the lack of comprehensive data has impeded our understanding of its global impact. We aimed to examine the burden of TC and its trends at the global, regional, and national levels using data stratified by sociodemographic index (SDI), sex, and age. Data on TC, including incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) from 1990 to 2021, were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were calculated to assess the incidence rate, mortality, and DALYs trends. The incidence, mortality, and DALYs of TC in 2021 were 249,538 (95% uncertainty interval: 223,290-274,638), 44,799 (39,925-48,541), and 646,741 (599,119-717,357), respectively. The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) in 2021 was 2.914 (2.607-3.213), with an EAPC of 1.25 (1.14-1.37) compared to 1990. In 2021, the age-standardized death rate (ASDR) was 0.53 (0.47-0.575) and age-standardized DALYs rate was 14.571 (12.783-16.115). Compared with 1990, the EAPCs of ASDR and age-standardized DALYs rate showed decreasing trends, at - 0.24 (- 0.27 to - 0.21) and - 0.14 (- 0.17 to - 0.11), respectively. Low SDI regions showed the highest ASDR and age-standardized DALYs rate, at 0.642 (0.516-0.799) and 17.976 (14.18-23.06), respectively. Low-middle SDI regions had the highest EAPCs for ASDR and age-standardized DALYs rate, at 0.74 (0.71-0.78) and 0.67 (0.63-0.7), respectively. Females exhibited decreasing trend in ASDR and age-standardized DALYs rate, with EAPCs of - 0.58 (- 0.61 to - 0.55) and - 0.45 (- 0.47 to - 0.42), respectively. In contrast, males showed an increasing trend in ASDR and age-standardized DALYs rate, with EAPCs of 0.41 (0.35-0.46) for both. In high-income regions, most countries with decreased annual changes in deaths experience increasing age-related deaths. Over the past few decades, a notable increase in TC incidence and decreased mortality has been observed globally. Regions characterized by lower SDI, male sex, and an aging population exhibited no improvement in TC mortality. Effective resource allocation, meticulous control of risk factors, and tailored interventions are crucial for addressing these issues.

Keywords: Death; Disability-adjusted life-years; Global burden of disease study; Incidence; Thyroid cancer; Trend.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

**Fig. 1**
Burden and trends of thyroid cancer at the global, regional, and national levels by sociodemographic index (SDI), sex and age from 1990 to 2021. A Age-standardized disease burden and EAPCs of thyroid cancer across 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021. B Trends in the incidence, deaths, DALYs, ASIR, ASDR and age-standardized DALYs rate of thyroid cancer from 1990 to 2021 by different SDI level regions. C The correlation between SDI and thyroid cancer burden across 204 countries in 2021. (Different colors indicate GBD super-regions. Point size represents the numbers of incidence, deaths, and DALYs. "R" represents the Pearson correlation coefficient). D Thyroid cancer burden across different age groups (5 year intervals) by sex in 2021. E Age-related thyroid cancer burden ratio between 2000 and 2021 in 7 GBD super-regions.(Point size represents the absolute annual change of age-related thyroid cancer burden rate from 2000 to 2021. Points filled by grey color represent an annual change less than zero.The values in parentheses represent ratios of the age-related thyroid cancer burden rate between 2000 and 2021). ASIR, age-standardized incidence rate; ASDR, age-standardized death rate; DALYs, disability-adjusted life years.EAPC, estimated annual percentage change.SDI, socio-demographic index.Data are represented as mean ± SEM.

See this image and copyright information in PMC

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Global burden of thyroid cancer from 1990 to 2021: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Affiliations

Global burden of thyroid cancer from 1990 to 2021: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

Figures

References

Publication types

MeSH terms

Grants and funding

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

Medical

Miscellaneous