Mitomycin C effects on cell cycle progression, including inhibition of very late prophase, as seen in living neuroblasts of Chortophaga viridifasciata, with some observations on mitomycin C purity

Abstract

Observations were made on living neuroblasts (Nbs) of the grasshopper (Chortophaga viridifasciata) embryo during a 4-h recovery period following 1-h in vitro exposure to 10(-8), 10(-6), and 10(-4) M mitomycin C (MMC). None of these concentrations affected the duration of mid-mitosis (prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase), but one as low as 10(-8) M causes a small reduction in the rate at which Nbs move through the remainder of the cell cycle, primarily by retarding their progress through S. As the concentration is increased there is slower movement through S and also prophase (there are no true G1 and G2 periods in the rapidly dividing Nb: 4-h cell cycle at 38 degrees C). A significant proportion of the cells exposed to 10(-4) M are blocked for 1 or more h at very late prophase, i.e., just before nuclear membrane breakdown. In such retarded prophases the chromosomes resemble c-metaphase chromosomes even though the nuclear membrane remains intact. Mass spectrometry data revealed that one lot of the MMC used contained one or more impurities.