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. 2024 Jul 25;15(8):208.
doi: 10.3390/jfb15080208.

Enhancing Esthetics in Direct Dental Resin Composite: Investigating Surface Roughness and Color Stability

Adrian Ioan Hajdu  1 , Ramona Dumitrescu  1   2 , Octavia Balean  1   2 , Dacian Virgil Lalescu  3 , Berivan Laura Rebeca Buzatu  1   2 , Vanessa Bolchis  1   2 , Lucian Floare  1 , Diana Utu  4 , Daniela Jumanca  1   2 , Atena Galuscan  1   2
Affiliations

Enhancing Esthetics in Direct Dental Resin Composite: Investigating Surface Roughness and Color Stability

Adrian Ioan Hajdu et al. J Funct Biomater. .

Abstract

Dental restorations must replicate the natural appearance of teeth while ensuring biocompatibility and durability. This study evaluated the surface characteristics and color stability of three dental composites-Herculite Ultra XRV, G-ænial A'CHORD, and Omnichroma-exposed to acidic beverages (red wine, black coffee, and Coca-Cola). Sixty disk-shaped specimens were prepared, polished, and immersed in these beverages. Surface roughness was assessed using profilometry and SEM analysis, hydrophobicity via contact angle analysis, and surface charge through streaming potential measurements. Color stability was evaluated using a spectrophotometer, and the pH levels of the solutions were recorded. Results showed that Herculite Ultra XRV had the highest mean contact angle (79.46° ± 6.52), indicating superior hydrophobicity, while Omnichroma had the lowest (64.94° ± 3.08), indicating more hydrophilicity. Significant color changes were observed, especially in black coffee, with ∆E values indicating notable discoloration. The acidic pH of the solutions increased surface roughness and color changes. Statistical analyses confirmed significant increases in surface roughness and color change for all composites, with the nanohybrid resin composite showing the greatest variability. These findings highlight the need for dental restorative materials with enhanced resistance to acidic environments to improve the longevity and esthetics of dental treatments.

Keywords: acidic beverages; color stability; contact angle; dental resin composite; hydrophobicity; surface roughness.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Specimen preparation.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Contact angle measurements for various resin composites at different stages.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Streaming potential values for three samples measured in PBS solution (pH = 7.45).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Streaming potential measurements as function of pH for solid sample.
Figure 5
Figure 5
SEM analysis of surface roughness for different composite materials. Scanning Electron Microscopy of (a) control Herculite Ultra XRV; (b) control G-ænial A’CHORD; (c) control Omnichroma; (d) Herculite Ultra immersed 10 days in coffee; (e) G-ænial A’CHORD immersed 10 days in coffee; (f) Omnichroma immersed 10 days in coffee; (g) Herculite Ultra immersed 10 days in red wine; (h) G-ænial A’CHORD immersed 10 days in red wine; (i) Omnichroma immersed 10 days in red wine; (j) Herculite Ultra immersed 10 days in Coca-Cola; (k) G-ænial A’CHORD immersed 10 days in Coca-Cola; (l) Omnichroma immersed 10 days in Coca-Cola at magnification ×500.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Descriptive statistics for sample groups by 10th day immersion (C1-Herculite Ultra XRV, C2 G-ænial A’chord, C3-Omnichroma).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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