Are COVID-19 Polymorphisms in ACE and ACE2 Prognosis Predictors?

doi:10.3390/cimb46080480

. 2024 Jul 28;46(8):8111-8117.

doi: 10.3390/cimb46080480.

Are COVID-19 Polymorphisms in ACE and ACE2 Prognosis Predictors?

Fabiana Amaral Guarienti^{1

2}, Fernando Antônio Costa Xavier^{2

3

4}, Mateus Duarte Ferraz^{2

3}, Fernanda Wagner^{3

4

5}, Daniel Rodrigo Marinowic^{1

2

3

4}, Jaderson Costa da Costa^{3

6}, Denise Cantarelli Machado^{1

2

3}

Affiliations

¹ Post Graduation Program of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90619, Brazil.
² Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610, Brazil.
³ Post Graduation Program of Medicine and Health Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90619, Brazil.
⁴ Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Biotechnology, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610, Brazil.
⁵ School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90619, Brazil.
⁶ Laboratory of Neurosciences and Electrophisiology, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610, Brazil.

PMID: 39194697
PMCID: PMC11352864
DOI: 10.3390/cimb46080480

Are COVID-19 Polymorphisms in ACE and ACE2 Prognosis Predictors?

Fabiana Amaral Guarienti et al. Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2024.

. 2024 Jul 28;46(8):8111-8117.

doi: 10.3390/cimb46080480.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Post Graduation Program of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90619, Brazil.
² Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610, Brazil.
³ Post Graduation Program of Medicine and Health Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90619, Brazil.
⁴ Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Biotechnology, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610, Brazil.
⁵ School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90619, Brazil.
⁶ Laboratory of Neurosciences and Electrophisiology, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90610, Brazil.

PMID: 39194697
PMCID: PMC11352864
DOI: 10.3390/cimb46080480

Abstract

Regardless of the containment of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, it remains paramount to comprehensively understand its underlying mechanisms to mitigate potential future health and economic impacts, comparable to those experienced throughout the course of the pandemic. The angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) provides anchorage for SARS-CoV-2 binding, thus implicating that ACE and ACE2 might contribute to the variability in infection severity. This study aimed to elucidate predisposing factors influencing the disease course among people infected by SARS-CoV-2, focusing on angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and ACE2 polymorphisms. Notably, despite similar demographics and comorbidities, COVID-19 patients exhibit substantial differences in prognosis. Genetic polymorphisms in ACE and ACE2 have been implicated in disease progression, prompting our investigation into their role in COVID-19 evolution. Using next-generation sequencing (NGS), we analyzed ACE and ACE2 genes in a sample group comprising six subjects infected by SARS-CoV-2. Our findings revealed a correlation between specific polymorphisms and COVID-19 outcomes. Specifically, ACE and ACE2 intronic deletions were observed in all deceased patients, suggesting a potential association with mortality. These results highlight the significance of genetic factors in shaping the clinical course of COVID-19, emphasizing the importance of further research into the impact of genetic variations on COVID-19 severity.

Keywords: ACE; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; polymorphism; prognosis.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no competing interests to disclose.

Cited by

Introduction to Special Issue: Genomic Analysis of Common Disease.
Wilson GN. Wilson GN. Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2025 Feb 10;47(2):112. doi: 10.3390/cimb47020112. Curr Issues Mol Biol. 2025. PMID: 39996832 Free PMC article.

References

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1. Rigat B., Hubert C., Alhenc-Gelas F., Cambien F., Corvol P., Soubrier F. An insertion/deletion polymorphism in the angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene accounting for half the variance of serum enzyme levels. J. Clin. Investig. 1990;86:1343–1346. doi: 10.1172/JCI114844. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Delanghe J.R., Speeckaert M.M., De Buyzere M.L. COVID-19 infections are also affected by human ACE1 D/I polymorphism. Clin. Chem. Lab. Med. 2020;58:1125–1126. doi: 10.1515/cclm-2020-0425. - DOI - PubMed
1. Montgomery H.E., Clarkson P., Dollery C.M., Prasad K., Losi M.A., Hemingway H., Statters D., Jubb M., Girvain M., Varnava A., et al. Association of angiotensin-converting enzyme gene I/D polymorphism with change in left ventricular mass in response to physical training. Circulation. 1997;96:741–747. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.96.3.741. - DOI - PubMed

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[1] Martinez-Gomez L.E., Herrera-Lopez B., Martinez-Armenta C., Ortega-Pena S., Camacho-Rea M.D.C., Suarez-Ahedo C., Vazquez-Cardenas P., Vargas-Alarcon G., Rojas-Velasco G., Fragoso J.M., et al. ACE and ACE2 Gene Variants Are Associated With Severe Outcomes of COVID-19 in Men. Front. Immunol. 2022;13:812940. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.812940. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[2] Martinez-Gomez L.E., Herrera-Lopez B., Martinez-Armenta C., Ortega-Pena S., Camacho-Rea M.D.C., Suarez-Ahedo C., Vazquez-Cardenas P., Vargas-Alarcon G., Rojas-Velasco G., Fragoso J.M., et al. ACE and ACE2 Gene Variants Are Associated With Severe Outcomes of COVID-19 in Men. Front. Immunol. 2022;13:812940. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.812940. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[3] Osuchowski M.F., Winkler M.S., Skirecki T., Cajander S., Shankar-Hari M., Lachmann G., Monneret G., Venet F., Bauer M., Brunkhorst F.M., et al. The COVID-19 puzzle: Deciphering pathophysiology and phenotypes of a new disease entity. Lancet Respir. Med. 2021;9:622–642. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(21)00218-6. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[4] Osuchowski M.F., Winkler M.S., Skirecki T., Cajander S., Shankar-Hari M., Lachmann G., Monneret G., Venet F., Bauer M., Brunkhorst F.M., et al. The COVID-19 puzzle: Deciphering pathophysiology and phenotypes of a new disease entity. Lancet Respir. Med. 2021;9:622–642. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(21)00218-6. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[5] Rigat B., Hubert C., Alhenc-Gelas F., Cambien F., Corvol P., Soubrier F. An insertion/deletion polymorphism in the angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene accounting for half the variance of serum enzyme levels. J. Clin. Investig. 1990;86:1343–1346. doi: 10.1172/JCI114844. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[6] Rigat B., Hubert C., Alhenc-Gelas F., Cambien F., Corvol P., Soubrier F. An insertion/deletion polymorphism in the angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene accounting for half the variance of serum enzyme levels. J. Clin. Investig. 1990;86:1343–1346. doi: 10.1172/JCI114844. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[7] Delanghe J.R., Speeckaert M.M., De Buyzere M.L. COVID-19 infections are also affected by human ACE1 D/I polymorphism. Clin. Chem. Lab. Med. 2020;58:1125–1126. doi: 10.1515/cclm-2020-0425. - DOI - PubMed

[8] Delanghe J.R., Speeckaert M.M., De Buyzere M.L. COVID-19 infections are also affected by human ACE1 D/I polymorphism. Clin. Chem. Lab. Med. 2020;58:1125–1126. doi: 10.1515/cclm-2020-0425. - DOI - PubMed

[9] Montgomery H.E., Clarkson P., Dollery C.M., Prasad K., Losi M.A., Hemingway H., Statters D., Jubb M., Girvain M., Varnava A., et al. Association of angiotensin-converting enzyme gene I/D polymorphism with change in left ventricular mass in response to physical training. Circulation. 1997;96:741–747. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.96.3.741. - DOI - PubMed

[10] Montgomery H.E., Clarkson P., Dollery C.M., Prasad K., Losi M.A., Hemingway H., Statters D., Jubb M., Girvain M., Varnava A., et al. Association of angiotensin-converting enzyme gene I/D polymorphism with change in left ventricular mass in response to physical training. Circulation. 1997;96:741–747. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.96.3.741. - DOI - PubMed

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Are COVID-19 Polymorphisms in ACE and ACE2 Prognosis Predictors?

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Are COVID-19 Polymorphisms in ACE and ACE2 Prognosis Predictors?

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