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. 2024 Aug 7;12(8):249.
doi: 10.3390/dj12080249.

Evaluation of Cytotoxicity of the Dental Materials TheraCal LC, TheraCal PT, ApaCal ART and Biodentine Used in Vital Pulp Therapy: In Vitro Study

Barbora Novotná  1 , Pavel Holík  1 , Yuliya Morozova  1 , Matej Rosa  1 , Adéla Galandáková  2 , Kateřina Langová  3
Affiliations

Evaluation of Cytotoxicity of the Dental Materials TheraCal LC, TheraCal PT, ApaCal ART and Biodentine Used in Vital Pulp Therapy: In Vitro Study

Barbora Novotná et al. Dent J (Basel). .

Abstract

(1) Background: The aim of this study was to compare the cytotoxicity of selected resin-modified materials used in direct contact with the dental pulp (TheraCal LC, TheraCal PT, and ApaCal ART) with calcium silicate cement (Biodentine). (2) Methods: The mouse fibroblast Balb/3T3 cell line and the extracts of tested materials in four concentrations were used for the testing. An MTT assay was performed in three independent experiments with six replicates for each concentration of tested material. The cell viability (%) and cytotoxicity were expressed (cytotoxic effect is considered in cases where the cell viability is lower than 70%). The mean of the cell viability and the standard deviation were expressed for each material at all concentrations. ANOVA and Dunnet's post hoc tests were used for the statistical analysis. All of these tests were performed at the 0.05 significance level. (3) Results: At all concentrations, the cell viability was statistically significantly lower (p ≤ 0.002) for all tested materials compared to Biodentine. ApaCal ART showed a high level of cytotoxicity at all concentrations (cell viability lower than 47.71%, p < 0.0001). The same result was found for TheraCal LC at concentrations of 100%, 50% and 25% and TheraCal PT at concentrations of 100% and 50%. TheraCal LC at a 10% concentration (cell viability 68.18%) and TheraCal PT at a 25% concentration (cell viability 60.63%) indicated potential cytotoxicity. TheraCal PT at a 10% concentration was not found to be cytotoxic (cell viability 79.18%, p = 0.095). (4) Conclusion: The resin-modified calcium silicate and calcium phosphate materials showed higher cytotoxic potential, so they should be used with caution when in direct contact with the dental pulp.

Keywords: MTT assay; calcium phosphate; calcium silicate; cytotoxicity; deep caries; dental pulp; resin-modified; vital pulp treatment.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest. The authors declare no commercial interests related to the companies involved in this study. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
A 96-well plate (100%, 50%, 25%, and 10%—concentration of the material extract; BL—blank; PK—positive control; NK—negative control; KB—control of cells; KR—control of reagents).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Microscopic images of control cell cultures (magnification: 100×, scale bar: 100 μm). (a) Positive control (cytotoxic substance—Triton X-100, 1% (v/v)). (b) Negative control (biocompatible, non-cytotoxic material—extracts of polyvinyl chloride tube).
Figure 3
Figure 3
ApaCal ART. (a) Microscopic image of cell culture at 100% concentration (magnification: 100×, scale bar: 100 μm); (b) 96-well plate with ApaCal ART before the absorbance measurement.
Figure 4
Figure 4
TheraCal LC. (a) Microscopic image of cell culture at 100% concentration (magnification: 100×, scale bar: 100 μm); (b) 96-well plate with TheraCal LC before the absorbance measurement.
Figure 5
Figure 5
TheraCal PT. (a) Microscopic image of cell culture at 100% concentration (magnification: 100×, scale bar: 100 μm); (b) 96-well plate with TheraCal PT before the absorbance measurement.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Biodentine. (a) Microscopic image of cell culture at 100% concentration (magnification: 100×, scale bar: 100 μm); (b) 96-well plate with Biodentine before the absorbance measurement.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Relationship between the cell viability and the cytotoxicity rate.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Distribution of quantitative values of cell culture viability for all tested materials: (a) 100% extract concentration; (b) 50% extract concentration; (c) 25% extract concentration; (d) 10% extract concentration.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Cell viability (mean (%) and std. deviation) for all concentrations of the tested materials.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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