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. 2024 Aug 8;14(8):442.
doi: 10.3390/metabo14080442.

Effects of a High Trans Fatty Acid Diet on Kidney-, Liver-, and Heart-Associated Diseases in a Rabbit Model

Hammad Ismail  1 , Zaryab Mubashar  1 , Hajra Khan  1 , Zeenat Naveed  1 , Erum Dilshad  2 , Muhammad Zeeshan Bhatti  3 , Sadaf Anwaar  4 , Samreen Saleem  5 , Sabba Mehmood  3 , Abdur Rahman  6 , Umer Rashid  1 , Dalia Fouad  7 , Michel De Waard  8   9   10 , Gaber El-Saber Batiha  11
Affiliations

Effects of a High Trans Fatty Acid Diet on Kidney-, Liver-, and Heart-Associated Diseases in a Rabbit Model

Hammad Ismail et al. Metabolites. .

Abstract

Trans fatty acids are specific unsaturated fats found in processed foods that undergo hydrogenation, leading to hepatic disorders such as metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and conditions like CVD and CKD. The effects of different food samples containing trans fatty acids (elaidic and oleic acid) on the liver, heart, and kidney through antioxidant enzyme activity were investigated in animal models. Liver function tests (ALT, ALP, AST, and LDH), heart biomarker levels (CPK, TC, HDL, LDL, and triglycerides), and kidney biomarker levels (serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and serum uric acid) were examined in serum of rabbits and the histopathology of liver tissues. Results showed that these biomarkers were more elevated in the Mujahid Ghee group than in the normal control, oleic acid, and Kausar Ghee groups. The concentration of antioxidant markers such as peroxidase, glutathione, catalase, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and superoxide dismutase were lower in the Mujahid Ghee group. HPLC showed that Mujahid Ghee had the highest quantified value of elaidic acid among all selected samples. Overall, this study demonstrated that elaidic acid in its purest form aggravated MAFLD in rabbit livers and provoked CVK and CVD.

Keywords: coronary kidney disease; coronary vascular disease; elaidic acid; metabolic associated fatty liver disease; serum biomarkers; trans fatty acids.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
FT-IR spectra of food samples showing the elaidic acid peaks.
Figure 2
Figure 2
(A) Average body mass index (BMI) and (B) average heart rate of all groups over 21 days. The values were compared statistically with those of the normal control group at p < 0.05.
Figure 3
Figure 3
FT-IR spectra of blood samples from (A) normal control group, (B) oleic acid group, (C) Kausar Ghee group, (D) Mujahid Ghee group, and (E) elaidic acid group.
Figure 4
Figure 4
(A) Elaidic acid levels in serum. (B) Oleic acid levels in serum. Here *** p < 0.001 compared with the normal control group.
Figure 5
Figure 5
(A) Elaidic acid levels in organs. (B) Oleic acid levels in organs.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Liver tissues of the (A) control group, (B) elaidic acid group, (C) oleic acid group, heart tissues of (D) control group, (E) elaidic acid group, and (F) oleic acid group; kidney tissues of the (G) control group, (H) elaidic acid group, and (I) oleic acid group.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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