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. 2024 Aug 6;13(8):738.
doi: 10.3390/antibiotics13080738.

Detection of Pharmaceutical Contamination in Amphipods of Lake Baikal by the HPLC-MS Method

Tamara Y Telnova  1 , Maria M Morgunova  1 , Sophie S Shashkina  1 , Anfisa A Vlasova  1 , Maria E Dmitrieva  1 , Victoria N Shelkovnikova  1 , Ekaterina V Malygina  1 , Natalia A Imidoeva  1 , Alexander Y Belyshenko  1 , Alexander S Konovalov  1 , Evgenia A Misharina  1 , Denis V Axenov-Gribanov  1
Affiliations

Detection of Pharmaceutical Contamination in Amphipods of Lake Baikal by the HPLC-MS Method

Tamara Y Telnova et al. Antibiotics (Basel). .

Abstract

Pollution by active ingredients is one of the most significant and widespread forms of pollution on Earth. Medicines can have a negative impact on ecosystems, and contamination can have unpredictable consequences. An urgent and unexplored task is to study the Lake Baikal ecosystem and its organisms for the presence of trace concentrations of active pharmaceutical ingredients. Our study aimed to conduct a qualitative analysis of active pharmaceutical ingredients, and quantitative analysis of ibuprofen in endemic amphipods of Lake Baikal, using methods of high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin), ibuprofen, acetaminophen, azithromycin, dimetridazole, metronidazole, amikacin, spiramycin, and some tetracycline antibiotics were detected in the studied littoral amphipods. We also detected different annual loads of active pharmaceutical ingredients on amphipods. Using the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode mentioned in GOST International Technical Standards, we detected molecules, fragmented as amikacin, chlortetracycline, doxycycline, oxytetracycline, dimetridazole, metronidazole and spiramycin. Thus, we first revealed that invertebrates of Lake Baikal can uptake pharmaceutical contaminants in the environment.

Keywords: Baikal; HPLC-MS; amphipods; antibiotics; endemics; ibuprofen; pharmaceutical pollution.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Chromatogram of metronidazole detected in samples of amphipod E. verrucosus (2020).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Chromatogram of ibuprofen detected in samples of amphipod E. verrucosus.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Correlation between concentration of ibuprofen and the wet weight of species E. verrucosus amphipods, ng/g (white marker—2020; black marker—2022).
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