Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2024 Aug 22;13(8):786.
doi: 10.3390/antibiotics13080786.

Rapid Phenotypic and Genotypic Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Approaches for Use in the Clinical Laboratory

Siham Hattab  1 , Adrienne H Ma  2 , Zoon Tariq  1 , Ilianne Vega Prado  1 , Ian Drobish  3 , Rachel Lee  4 , Rebecca Yee  1
Affiliations
Review

Rapid Phenotypic and Genotypic Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Approaches for Use in the Clinical Laboratory

Siham Hattab et al. Antibiotics (Basel). .

Abstract

The rapid rise in increasingly resistant bacteria has become a major threat to public health. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) is crucial in guiding appropriate therapeutic decisions and infection prevention practices for patient care. However, conventional culture-based AST methods are time-consuming and labor-intensive. Therefore, rapid AST approaches exist to address the delayed gap in time to actionable results. There are two main types of rapid AST technologies- phenotypic and genotypic approaches. In this review, we provide a summary of all commercially available rapid AST platforms for use in clinical microbiology laboratories. We describe the technologies utilized, performance characteristics, acceptable specimen types, types of resistance detected, turnaround times, limitations, and clinical outcomes driven by these rapid tests. We also discuss crucial factors to consider for the implementation of rapid AST technologies in a clinical laboratory and what the future of rapid AST holds.

Keywords: antimicrobial resistance; diagnostics; infection prevention; molecular technologies; multiplex PCR; rapid antimicrobial susceptibility.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

R.Y. reports research funding from Q-linea and serves on the working document groups for CLSI. The remaining authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Different antimicrobial susceptibility testing approaches and their potential time-to-result. Abbreviations: AST, antimicrobial susceptibility testing.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Collaborators A.R. Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: A systematic analysis. Lancet. 2022;399:629–655. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(21)02724-0. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Boccabella L., Palma E.G., Abenavoli L., Scarlata G.G.M., Boni M., Ianiro G., Santori P., Tack J.F., Scarpellini E. Post-Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic Antimicrobial Resistance. Antibiotics. 2024;13:233. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics13030233. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Larkin H. Increasing Antimicrobial Resistance Poses Global Threat, WHO Says. JAMA. 2023;329:200. doi: 10.1001/jama.2022.23552. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Balouiri M., Sadiki M., Ibnsouda S.K. Methods for in vitro evaluating antimicrobial activity: A review. J. Pharm. Anal. 2016;6:71–79. doi: 10.1016/j.jpha.2015.11.005. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Ferrer R., Martin-Loeches I., Phillips G., Osborn T.M., Townsend S., Dellinger R.P., Artigas A., Schorr C., Levy M.M. Empiric antibiotic treatment reduces mortality in severe sepsis and septic shock from the first hour: Results from a guideline-based performance improvement program. Crit. Care Med. 2014;42:1749–1755. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000000330. - DOI - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources