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. 2024 Aug 16;25(16):8939.
doi: 10.3390/ijms25168939.

Pharmacogenetic Approach to Tramadol Use in the Arab Population

Chan-Hyuk Kwon  1 , Min Woo Ha  2   3
Affiliations

Pharmacogenetic Approach to Tramadol Use in the Arab Population

Chan-Hyuk Kwon et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

Tramdol is one of most popular opioids used for postoperative analgesia worldwide. Among Arabic countries, there are reports that its dosage is not appropriate due to cultural background. To provide theoretical background of the proper usage of tramadol, this study analyzed the association between several genetic polymorphisms (CYP2D6/OPRM1) and the effect of tramadol. A total of 39 patients who took tramadol for postoperative analgesia were recruited, samples were obtained, and their DNA was extracted for polymerase chain reaction products analysis followed by allelic variations of CYP2D6 and OPRM A118G determination. Numerical pain scales were measured before and 1 h after taking tramadol. The effect of tramadol was defined by the difference between these scales. We concluded that CYP2D6 and OPRM1 A118G single nucleotide polymorphisms may serve as crucial determinants in predicting tramadol efficacy and susceptibility to post-surgical pain. Further validation of personalized prescription practices based on these genetic polymorphisms could provide valuable insights for the development of clinical guidelines tailored to post-surgical tramadol use in the Arabic population.

Keywords: Arab; CYP2D6; OPRM1 A118G; pharmacogenetics; tramadol.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(A) Frequency of functional, reduced functional, and non-functional alleles; (B) frequency of alleles with a single gene copy (n = 74) and those with copy number variants (n = 4); (C) details of copy number variants.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Difference of tramadol effect (ΔNRS) according to metabolic phenotype (*: p < 0.01).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Baseline pain score according to OPRM A118G genotype (*: p< 0.01).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Dried blood spot samples used for the measurement of CYP2D6 and OPRM1 genotypes in this study.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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