Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2024 Aug 21;25(16):9045.
doi: 10.3390/ijms25169045.

Systematic Investigation of Aluminum Stress-Related Genes and Their Critical Roles in Plants

Chaowei Fang  1 , Jiajing Wu  2 , Weihong Liang  1
Affiliations
Review

Systematic Investigation of Aluminum Stress-Related Genes and Their Critical Roles in Plants

Chaowei Fang et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

Aluminum (Al) stress is a dominant obstacle for plant growth in acidic soil, which accounts for approximately 40-50% of the world's potential arable land. The identification and characterization of Al stress response (Al-SR) genes in Arabidopsis, rice, and other plants have deepened our understanding of Al's molecular mechanisms. However, as a crop sensitive to acidic soil, only eight Al-SR genes have been identified and functionally characterized in maize. In this review, we summarize the Al-SR genes in plants, including their classifications, subcellular localizations, expression organs, functions, and primarily molecular regulatory networks. Moreover, we predict 166 putative Al-SR genes in maize based on orthologue analyses, facilitating a comprehensive understanding of the impact of Al stress on maize growth and development. Finally, we highlight the potential applications of alleviating Al toxicity in crop production. This review deepens our understanding of the Al response in plants and provides a blueprint for alleviating Al toxicity in crop production.

Keywords: Al stress; Al stress response gene; alleviating Al toxicity; crop production; plants.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Identified aluminum stress-related genes, their subcellular localizations, and their roles in plants, and the expression analysis of the cloned maize aluminum stress-related genes in different developmental stages of maize roots. (A) The cloned aluminum stress-related genes in Arabidopsis, rice, maize, wheat, and sorghum. (B) Classification of the cloned aluminum stress-related genes into transporters, transcription factors, kinases/phosphatase, and those related to sugar metabolism, hormones, ROS metabolism, and other processes. (C) The protein subcellular localizations of the aluminum stress-related genes in plants.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The primary signaling pathways of the cloned aluminum stress-related genes involved in plants.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The precise chromosomal locations of the 166 predicted aluminum stress-related genes in the maize genome.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Potential applications to alleviate aluminum stress in crop production.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

References

    1. Kochian L.V., Pineros M.A., Liu J., Magalhaes J.V. Plant adaptation to acid soils: The molecular basis for crop aluminum resistance. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 2015;66:571–598. doi: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-043014-114822. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Liu C., Jiang M., Yuan M.M., Wang E., Bai Y., Crowther T.W., Zhou J., Ma Z., Zhang L., Wang Y., et al. Root microbiota confers rice resistance to aluminium toxicity and phosphorus deficiency in acidic soils. Nat. Food. 2023;4:912–924. doi: 10.1038/s43016-023-00848-0. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Ma J.F. Syndrome of aluminum toxicity and diversity of aluminum resistance in higher plants. Int. Rev. Cytol. 2007;264:225–252. doi: 10.1016/S0074-7696(07)64005-4. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Chauhan D.K., Yadav V., Vaculik M., Gassmann W., Pike S., Arif N., Singh V.P., Deshmukh R., Sahi S., Tripathi D.K. Aluminum toxicity and aluminum stress-induced physiological tolerance responses in higher plants. Crit. Rev. Biotechnol. 2021;41:715–730. doi: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1874282. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Horst W.J., Wang Y., Eticha D. The role of the root apoplast in aluminium-induced inhibition of root elongation and in aluminium resistance of plants: A review. Ann. Bot. 2010;106:185–197. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcq053. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources