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Review
. 2024 Jul 27;11(8):907.
doi: 10.3390/children11080907.

Exploring the Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Pediatric Diabetes: Current Practices, Innovative Metrics, and Future Implications

Agata Chobot  1   2 , Claudia Piona  3 , Bruno Bombaci  4 , Olga Kamińska-Jackowiak  1   2 , Valentina Mancioppi  3 , Stefano Passanisi  4
Affiliations
Review

Exploring the Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Pediatric Diabetes: Current Practices, Innovative Metrics, and Future Implications

Agata Chobot et al. Children (Basel). .

Abstract

Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems, including real-time CGM and intermittently scanned CGM, have revolutionized diabetes management, particularly in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D). These systems provide detailed insights into glucose variability and detect asymptomatic and nocturnal hypoglycemia, addressing limitations of traditional self-monitoring blood glucose methods. CGM devices measure interstitial glucose concentrations constantly, enabling proactive therapeutic decisions and optimization of glycemic control through stored data analysis. CGM metrics such as time in range, time below range, and coefficient of variation are crucial for managing T1D, with emerging metrics like time in tight range and glycemia risk index showing potential for enhanced glycemic assessment. Recent advancements suggest the utility of CGM systems in monitoring the early stages of T1D and individuals with obesity complicated by pre-diabetes, highlighting its therapeutic versatility. This review discusses the current CGM systems for T1D during the pediatric age, established and emerging metrics, and future applications, emphasizing the critical role of CGM devices in improving glycemic control and clinical outcomes in children and adolescents with diabetes.

Keywords: CGM; children; continuous glucose monitoring; diabetes; pediatrics; time in range; time in tight range; type 1 diabetes; type 2 diabetes.

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Conflict of interest statement

SP received speaking honoraria from Roche and Movi SpA. BB reports a grant from Abbott. The other authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Graphical representation of the percentage of time spent in different glycemic ranges. Time in a tight range (TITR) corresponds to a darker green segment.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Graphical representation of glycemia risk index (GRI).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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