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. 2024 Aug 12;14(8):855.
doi: 10.3390/jpm14080855.

Relationship between Depression and Physical Activity Frequency in Spanish People with Low, Medium, and High Pain Levels

Ángel Denche-Zamorano  1   2 , Diana Salas-Gómez  3 , Jose A Parraca  2   4 , Pablo Tomas-Carus  2   4 , José Carmelo Adsuar  1   5 , Sabina Barrios-Fernandez  6
Affiliations

Relationship between Depression and Physical Activity Frequency in Spanish People with Low, Medium, and High Pain Levels

Ángel Denche-Zamorano et al. J Pers Med. .

Abstract

Depression is a mental disorder that causes great discomfort, is associated with unhealthy lifestyle habits, and affects the quality of life. People with pain show high depressive symptoms and a prevalence of physical inactivity. This study aimed to analyse the associations between depression (self-reported depression, depression status, depressive symptoms, and depression types) and physical activity frequency (PAF) in leisure time in middle-aged and older people with different pain levels (low, medium, and severe) living in Spain. A cross-sectional study based on the European Health Survey data from Spain (2014-2020) was carried out, with a final sample of 13,686 people with pain. Associations between depression-related variables and PAF were studied at the three levels of pain, comparing the prevalence of depression as a function of PAF. Regression models were performed to assess adjusted risk factors for depression (self-reported depression and depression status). It was found that PAF was related to depression at all three pain levels. Inactive people at each pain level had higher depression prevalence (self-reported depression, depression status, depression symptoms, and depressive types). Physical inactivity emerged as a risk factor for depression, both for self-reported depression and for depression status. Thus, increased PAF could help prevent or reduce depression and depressive symptoms in people with pain.

Keywords: depression; exercise; mental health; psychological distress; quality of life.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow chart including the sample eligibility criteria.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Prevalence of self-reported depression, PHQ-8 depression status, depression symptoms, and depression types according to physical activity frequency in people with low pain.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Prevalence of self-reported depression, PHQ-8 depression status, depression symptoms, and depression types according to physical activity frequency in people with medium pain.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Prevalence of self-reported depression, PHQ-8 depression status, depression symptoms, and depression types according to physical activity frequency in people with high pain.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Regression analysis for S-RD: forest plot. CI (Confidence Interval); *** (p-value < 0.001).
Figure 6
Figure 6
Regression analysis for PHQ-8 DS: forest plot. CI (Confidence Interval); *** (p-value < 0.001).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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