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Review
. 2024 Aug 16;29(16):3880.
doi: 10.3390/molecules29163880.

Recent Progress in Thermoplastic Polyurethane/MXene Nanocomposites: Preparation, Flame-Retardant Properties and Applications

Yao Yuan  1 , Weiliang Lin  1 , Lulu Xu  2 , Wei Wang  3
Affiliations
Review

Recent Progress in Thermoplastic Polyurethane/MXene Nanocomposites: Preparation, Flame-Retardant Properties and Applications

Yao Yuan et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

MXene, a promising two-dimensional nanomaterial, exhibits significant potential across various applications due to its multilayered structure, metal-like conductivity, solution processability, and surface functionalization capabilities. These remarkable properties facilitate the integration of MXenes and MXene-based materials into high-performance polymer composites. Regarding this, a comprehensive and well-structured up-to-date review is essential to provide an in-depth understanding of MXene/thermoplastic polyurethane nanocomposites. This review discusses various synthetic and modification methods of MXenes, current research progress and future potential on MXene/thermoplastic polyurethane nanocomposites, existing knowledge gaps, and further development. The main focus is on discussing strategies for modifying MXene-based compounds and their flame-retardant efficiency, with particular emphasis on understanding their mechanisms within the TPU matrix. Ultimately, this review addresses current challenges and suggests future directions for the practical utilization of these materials.

Keywords: MXene; flame retardants; mechanism; modification; thermoplastic polyurethane.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The authors declare that they do not have any competing financial interests or personal relationships that might influence their work.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Models of bare MXenes (MnXn-1), fluorine-terminated MXenes (MnXn-1F2), oxygen-terminated MXenes (MnXn-1O2), and hydroxyl-terminated MXenes [MnXn-1(OH)2]; n varies from 2 to 4. Color code: blue = metal; deep gray = X; red = oxygen; gray = hydrogen; green = fluorine.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Basic reaction scheme for urethane formation.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Thermal degradation mechanism of (a,b) the urethane segment.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Schematic representation of HF acid etching process of MAX phase.
Figure 5
Figure 5
The tensile properties of the MXene/PU composites: (a) the typical stress–strain curves; (b) yield strength; (c) tensile strength; (d) elongation at break [68]. Copyright 2018. Reproduced with permission from Elsevier Science, Ltd.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Schematic diagrams for (a) the synthesis of Ti3C2Tx@MCA nanohybrid and (c) the preparation of TPU/Ti3C2Tx@MCA nanocomposites; (b) digital photographs of (nano)additive dispersion: (b-1) Ti3C2Tx in DI, (b-2) MCA in DMSO and (b-3) Ti3C2Tx@MCA in DMSO [74]. Copyright 2020. Reproduced with permission from Elsevier Science, Ltd.
Figure 7
Figure 7
(a) HRR, (b) THR, (c,d) char residues of TPU and its composites [79]. Copyright 2021. Reproduced with permission from Elsevier Science, Ltd.
Figure 8
Figure 8
(a) Illustration for preparation of functionalized Ti3C2 (MXene) nanosheets with cationic agents. (b) Barrier effect of Ti3C2 nanosheets and the illustration of thermal oxidation of Ti3C2 nanosheets.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Illustration for the fabrication process of PB-MXene and TPU/PB-MXene composites.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Illustration of the preparation of TPU/PCS-MXene nanocomposites [75]. Copyright 2022. Reproduced with permission from Elsevier Science Ltd.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Schematic illustration of the fabrication procedure of (a) surface-modified MXene nanosheets and (b) IFR/MXene coated RPU foam [90]. Copyright 2020. Reproduced with permission from Elsevier Science, Ltd.
Figure 12
Figure 12
Scheme of proposed flame-retardant mechanism for f-Ti3C2 in TPU composites [92]. Copyright 2019. Reproduced with permission from Elsevier Science, Ltd.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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