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. 2024 Aug 10;17(16):3978.
doi: 10.3390/ma17163978.

Comparative Analysis of Surface Roughness and Plastic Deformation of Reciprocating Instruments after Clinical Use

Ángel Herrera  1 , Magdalena Azabal  2 , Jesús R Jimenez-Octavio  3 , Juan C Del Real-Romero  3 , Sara López de Armentia  3 , Juan M Asensio-Gil  3 , Ana Arias  1
Affiliations

Comparative Analysis of Surface Roughness and Plastic Deformation of Reciprocating Instruments after Clinical Use

Ángel Herrera et al. Materials (Basel). .

Abstract

This study assessed the surface topography and plastic deformation (PD) of new and used contemporary reciprocating instruments. Twenty-six WaveOne Gold (WOG) and EdgeOne Fire (EO) instruments were photographed under magnification. The instruments were randomly assigned to a control group of new instruments preserved for surface roughness analysis (n = 6 each), or to an experimental group to shape the root canal system of a single molar (n = 20 each), making a total of four groups (WOGnew, EOnew, WOGused, EOused). Used instruments were also photographed after instrumentation. The presence of fractures was registered. Preoperative and postoperative images were randomly ordered for evaluation. Two blinded calibrated examiners evaluated the presence of PD. Inter-observer agreement was calculated with the Kappa coefficient (K = 0.89). 3D profilometry was also used for the surface roughness analysis of six randomly selected instruments from the WOGused and EOused groups. Chi-square and two-way ANOVA tests were used to, respectively, compare PD and changes in surface roughness among the groups. No instruments fractured; however, a significantly greater percentage of EO instruments suffered plastic deformation than WOG instruments (p < 0.001), (OR = 11.09 (CI 95% 2.6-56.3)). The overall surface roughness was higher for most parameters in the EO instruments (p < 0.05). Single uses of EO instruments produced significantly higher chances of PD and increased surface roughness values compared to WOG.

Keywords: EdgeOne fire; Ni-Ti file; WaveOne gold; nickel–titanium; plastic deformation; profilometry; root canal preparation; surface roughness.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Stereoscopic microscopy photographs of new and used EO and WOG at two different segments of the instruments. Notice the plastic deformation in the apical portion of the EOused instruments.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Representative three-dimensional surface plot measurements (in microns) of new and used EO and WOG instruments.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Roughness profiles (in microns) of the blades of representative samples of new and used EO and WOG instruments.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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