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. 2024 Aug 3;12(8):1583.
doi: 10.3390/microorganisms12081583.

Inhibition of the Growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus Microorganisms in Aesthetic Orthodontic Brackets through the In Situ Synthesis of Ag, TiO2 and Ag/TiO2 Nanoparticles

Paola Ariselda Sánchez Reyna  1 , Oscar Fernando Olea Mejía  2 , María G González-Pedroza  3 , Norma M Montiel-Bastida  1 , Bernabe Rebollo-Plata  4 , Raúl A Morales-Luckie  2
Affiliations

Inhibition of the Growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus Microorganisms in Aesthetic Orthodontic Brackets through the In Situ Synthesis of Ag, TiO2 and Ag/TiO2 Nanoparticles

Paola Ariselda Sánchez Reyna et al. Microorganisms. .

Abstract

Plaque control is especially important during orthodontic treatment because areas of the teeth near brackets and wires are difficult to clean with a toothbrush, resulting in debris buildup of food or dental plaque, thus causing caries and periodontal disease. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs), and silver/titanium dioxide nanoparticles (Ag/TiO2NPs), synthesized on the surface of α-alumina ceramic brackets. The AgNPs and TiO2NPs were synthesized by a simple chemical method, and these were characterized by XRD, SEM, and XPS TEM; the antimicrobial activity was tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by diffusion test. The results of this study demonstrated that by this simple chemical method, silver and titanium dioxide nanoparticles can be synthesized on the surface of α-alumina esthetic brackets, and these NPs possess good antimicrobial activity and the possibility of reducing dental caries, periodontal disease, and white spot generated during orthodontic treatment.

Keywords: Ag; TiO2 and Ag/TiO2 nanoparticles; aesthetic orthodontic brackets of α-alumina; antibacterial effect.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Microscopic and elemental characterization: (a) SEM-EDS elemental characterization; (b) micrograph of the bracket; and (c) AFM micrograph of the bracket surface.
Figure 2
Figure 2
XRD pattern of the support (bracket). The peaks were compared with JCPDS-ICCD-46-1212 card, corresponding to α-Al2O3.
Figure 3
Figure 3
TEM micrographs: (a) Ag nanoparticles; (b) high resolution analysis of Ag nanoparticles; (c) TiO2 nanoparticles; (d) high resolution analysis of TiO2 nanoparticles; (e,f) Ag/nanoparticles TiO2. (g) Nanoparticle size histograms; (I) AgNPs, (II) TiO2NPs, and (III) Ag/TiO2NPs.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Analysis by SEM-EDS. (a) Spectrum of the elemental analysis of Ag/TiO2 NPs, (b) elemental mapping; Ti (Red), Ag (Green) on surface characterization of the nanoparticles supported on the surface of the brackets.
Figure 5
Figure 5
X-ray diffraction (XRD). (a) XRD pattern of AgNPs anchored Al2O3 support. (b) XRD pattern of TiO2NPs anchored Al2O3 support. (c) Pattern X-ray diffraction of the Ag/TiO2NPs anchored Al2O3 support.
Figure 6
Figure 6
XPS spectra of AgNPs on Al2O3 support.
Figure 7
Figure 7
XPS Spectra TiO2NPs on Al2O3 support.
Figure 8
Figure 8
It shows the inhibitory halos of brackets (mm) on E. coli: (a) bracket without nanoparticles; (b) bracket with AgNPs; (c) bracket with TiO2NPs; (d) bracket with AgNPs, TiO2NPs, and Ag/TiO2NPs. It shows the inhibitory halos of brackets on S. aureus: (e) bracket without nanoparticles; (f) bracket with AgNPs; (g) bracket with TiO2NPs; (h) bracket with Ag/TiO2NPs.
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