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. 2024 Aug 13;12(8):1657.
doi: 10.3390/microorganisms12081657.

Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, and Escherichia coli Isolates among Stillbirths and Deceased Under-Five Children in Sierra Leone: Data from the Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance Sites from 2019 to 2022

Julius Ojulong  1 , Gebrekrstos N Gebru  2 , Babatunde Duduyemi  3 , Edwin Gbenda  1 , Mohamed L Janneh  1 , Jack Sharty  1 , Leonel Monteiro  4 , Dickens Kowuor  1 , Soter Ameh  1   5   6 , Ikechukwu U Ogbuanu  1   7
Affiliations

Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, and Escherichia coli Isolates among Stillbirths and Deceased Under-Five Children in Sierra Leone: Data from the Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance Sites from 2019 to 2022

Julius Ojulong et al. Microorganisms. .

Abstract

Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Enterobacter cloacae are associated with most nosocomial infections worldwide. Although gaps remain in the knowledge of their susceptibility patterns, these are in antimicrobial stewardship. This study aimed to describe antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of the above organisms isolated from postmortem blood from stillbirths and under-five children enrolled in the Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS) program in Sierra Leone. This was a surveillance study of bacteria isolates from postmortem blood cultures taken within 24 h of death from stillbirths and children aged 0-59 months between March 2019 and February 2022. This was followed by identification and antibiotic sensitivity testing using Becton Dickinson Phoenix M50 (USA). Descriptive analysis was used to characterize the isolates and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Of 367 isolates, K. pneumoniae was the most frequently isolated organism (n = 152; 41.4%), followed by E. coli (n = 40; 10.9%) and E. cloacae (n = 35; 9.5%). Using BACTEC™ FX 40 (Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA), 367 isolates were identified from blood using bacteriological methods. Extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) was observed in 143 (94.1%) of K. pneumoniae isolates and 27 (65.5%) of E. coli isolates. Carbapenem-resistant organisms (CRO) were seen in 31 (20.4%) of K. pneumoniae and 5 (12.5%) of E. coli isolates. A multidrug resistance (MDR) pattern was most prevalent in E.cloacae (33/35; 94.3%), followed by K. pneumoniae (138/152; 90.8%). Our study showed a high prevalence of multidrug resistance among bacterial isolates in the catchment areas under surveillance by the CHAMPS sites in Sierra Leone.

Keywords: CHAMPS; Enterobacter cloacae; Escherichia coli; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Sierra Leone; extended spectrum beta-lactamase.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The Bombali and Bo Districts showing CHAMPS study site catchment areas, Sierra Leone.
Figure 2
Figure 2
K. pneumoniae MDR resistance patterns in CHAMPS sites, Sierra Leone 2019–2022. Black dots depict resistance and gray dots depict sensitivity.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Escherichia coli resistance patterns in CHAMPS sites, Sierra Leone 2019–2022. Black dots depict resistance and gray dots depict sensitivity.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Enterobacter cloacae resistance patterns in CHAMPS sites, Sierra Leone 2019–2022. Black dots depict resistance and gray dots depict sensitivity.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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