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. 2024 Aug 15;24(16):5283.
doi: 10.3390/s24165283.

Presenting the COGNIFOG Framework: Architecture, Building Blocks and Road toward Cognitive Connectivity

Toni Adame  1 , Emna Amri  2 , Grigoris Antonopoulos  3 , Selma Azaiez  4 , Alexandre Berne  4 , Juan Sebastian Camargo  1 , Harry Kakoulidis  5 , Sofia Kleisarchaki  6 , Alberto Llamedo  7 , Marios Prasinos  5 , Kyriaki Psara  8 , Klym Shumaiev  9
Affiliations

Presenting the COGNIFOG Framework: Architecture, Building Blocks and Road toward Cognitive Connectivity

Toni Adame et al. Sensors (Basel). .

Abstract

In the era of ubiquitous computing, the challenges imposed by the increasing demand for real-time data processing, security, and energy efficiency call for innovative solutions. The emergence of fog computing has provided a promising paradigm to address these challenges by bringing computational resources closer to data sources. Despite its advantages, the fog computing characteristics pose challenges in heterogeneous environments in terms of resource allocation and management, provisioning, security, and connectivity, among others. This paper introduces COGNIFOG, a novel cognitive fog framework currently under development, which was designed to leverage intelligent, decentralized decision-making processes, machine learning algorithms, and distributed computing principles to enable the autonomous operation, adaptability, and scalability across the IoT-edge-cloud continuum. By integrating cognitive capabilities, COGNIFOG is expected to increase the efficiency and reliability of next-generation computing environments, potentially providing a seamless bridge between the physical and digital worlds. Preliminary experimental results with a limited set of connectivity-related COGNIFOG building blocks show promising improvements in network resource utilization in a real-world-based IoT scenario. Overall, this work paves the way for further developments on the framework, which are aimed at making it more intelligent, resilient, and aligned with the ever-evolving demands of next-generation computing environments.

Keywords: IoT; IoT-edge-cloud continuum; cognitive connectivity; confidential computing; edge computing; fog computing; intelligent systems; service orchestration.

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Conflict of interest statement

Author Emna Amri was employed by the company CYSEC SA. Author Grigoris Antonopoulos was employed by the company Netcompany-Intrasoft. Authors Harry Kakoulidis and Marios Prasinos were employed by the company Telematic Medical Applications. Author Sofia Kleisarchaki was employed by the company Kentyou. Author Alberto Llamedo was employed by the company ATOS IT. Author Kyriaki Psara was employed by the company eBOS Technologies Limited. Author Klym Shumaiev was employed by the company Siemens Aktiengesellschaft. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Examples of edge–fog–cloud architectures: (a) three-layer model; (b) clustered model; (c) tree-based model (from [23]).
Figure 2
Figure 2
The COGNIFOG high-level architecture.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Governance layer architecture based on a multi-cluster approach (based on [60]).
Figure 4
Figure 4
The K3s cluster designed for the PoC. The red bullet indicates the activation of the egress BW limitation only at the final stage of the performance evaluation.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Resulting throughput of TCP high-priority and UDP low-priority traffic.
Figure 6
Figure 6
High-level interaction flow diagram of the COGNIFOG stack.
Figure 7
Figure 7
COGNIFOG testbed architecture. Containerized services than can be remotely deployed by the orchestrator manager include the COGNIFOG logo.
Figure 8
Figure 8
End-to-end computed L of the MQTT messages sent by the two IoT devices.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Computed D of the MQTT messages sent by the two IoT devices.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Timestamp comparison between the MQTT message generation in the IoT devices and the corresponding reception at the edge server.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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