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. 2024 Nov:150:105330.
doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105330. Epub 2024 Aug 29.

Effect of a novel low-concentration hydrogen peroxide bleaching gel containing nano-sized sodium trimetaphosphate and fluoride

Gabriel Pereira Nunes  1 , Mariana Takatu Marques  1 , Priscila Toninatto Alves de Toledo  1 , Renata de Oliveira Alves  1 , Tamires Passadori Martins  1 , Alberto Carlos Botazzo Delbem  2
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Effect of a novel low-concentration hydrogen peroxide bleaching gel containing nano-sized sodium trimetaphosphate and fluoride

Gabriel Pereira Nunes et al. J Dent. 2024 Nov.

Abstract

Objectives: To evaluate in vitro the effects of nano-sized sodium trimetaphosphate (TMPnano) and sodium fluoride (F) added to a 17.5 % hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) bleaching gel on the color change, enamel mechanical and morphological properties, and H2O2 transamelodentinal diffusion.

Materials and methods: Bovine enamel/dentin discs (n = 180) were divided according to the bleaching gel: 17.5 % H2O2 (17.5 % HP); 17.5 % H2O2 + 0.1 % F (HP/F); 17.5 % H2O2 + 1 % TMPnano (HP/TMPnano); 17.5 % H2O2 + 0.1 % F + 1 % TMPnano (HP/F/TMPnano) and 35 % H2O2 (35 % HP). The gels were applied for 40 min on three sessions, each session spaced 7 days apart. The total color change (ΔE*ab) according to the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) L*a*b* color change measured by CIEDE2000 (ΔE00), whitening index (ΔWID), surface hardness (SH), surface roughness (Ra), cross-sectional hardness (ΔKHN), and transamelodentinal diffusion were assessed. Enamel surfaces were examined using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDS) analysis. The data were analyzed using ANOVA, followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls test (p < 0.05).

Results: ΔE*ab, ΔE00, and ΔWID values were comparable among the gels that produced a bleaching effect post-treatment (p < 0.001). The HP/F/TMPnano group exhibited lower mineral loss (SH and ΔKHN), Ra, and H2O2 diffusion compared to the 17.5 % HP and 35 % HP groups, which had the highest values (p < 0.001). SEM/EDS analysis revealed surface changes in all bleached groups, though these changes were less pronounced with F/TMPnano.

Conclusions: The 17.5 % HP gel containing F/TMPnano maintains the bleaching effect while reducing enamel demineralization, roughness, H2O2 diffusion, and enamel morphological changes.

Clinical relevance: Low-Concentration H2O2 bleaching gel containing F/TMPnano can be used as a novel approach to enhance safety and maintain the performance of aesthetic effects.

Keywords: Hydrogen peroxide; Nanoparticles; Phosphates; Sodium fluoride; Tooth bleaching agents.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper; except for the last author, who holds a patent for a product used in the study, issued on November 5, 2019, under BR 102013006761-0.

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