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Randomized Controlled Trial
. 2024 Nov 8;45(42):4526-4535.
doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehae585.

Aortic valve replacement vs. conservative treatment in asymptomatic severe aortic stenosis: long-term follow-up of the AVATAR trial

Marko Banovic  1   2 , Svetozar Putnik  1   3 , Bruno R Da Costa  4 , Martin Penicka  5 , Marek A Deja  6 , Martin Kotrc  7 , Radka Kockova  8 , Sigita Glaveckaite  9 , Hrvoje Gasparovic  10 , Nikola Pavlovic  11 , Lazar Velicki  12   13 , Stefano Salizzoni  14 , Wojtek Wojakowski  15 , Guy Van Camp  4 , Sinisa Gradinac  16 , Michael Laufer  17 , Sara Tomovic  1 , Ivan Busic  1 , Milica Bojanic  18 , Arsen Ristic  1   2 , Andrea Klasnja  19 , Milos Matkovic  1   3 , Nikola Boskovic  2 , Katarina Zivic  2 , Miodrag Jovanovic  20 , Serge D Nikolic  21 , Bernard Iung  22 , Jozef Bartunek  4
Affiliations
Randomized Controlled Trial

Aortic valve replacement vs. conservative treatment in asymptomatic severe aortic stenosis: long-term follow-up of the AVATAR trial

Marko Banovic et al. Eur Heart J. .

Abstract

Background and aims: The question of when and how to treat truly asymptomatic patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) and normal left ventricular (LV) systolic function is still subject to debate and ongoing research. Here, the results of extended follow-up of the AVATAR trial are reported (NCT02436655, ClinicalTrials.gov).

Methods: The AVATAR trial randomly assigned patients with severe, asymptomatic AS and LV ejection fraction ≥ 50% to undergo either early surgical aortic valve replacement (AVR) or conservative treatment with watchful waiting strategy. All patients had negative exercise stress testing. The primary hypothesis was that early AVR will reduce a primary composite endpoint comprising all-cause death, acute myocardial infarction, stroke, or unplanned hospitalization for heart failure (HF), as compared with conservative treatment strategy.

Results: A total of 157 low-risk patients (mean age 67 years, 57% men, mean Society of Thoracic Surgeons score 1.7%) were randomly allocated to either the early AVR group (n = 78) or the conservative treatment group (n = 79). In an intention-to-treat analysis, after a median follow-up of 63 months, the primary composite endpoint outcome event occurred in 18/78 patients (23.1%) in the early surgery group and in 37/79 patients (46.8%) in the conservative treatment group [hazard ratio (HR) early surgery vs. conservative treatment 0.42; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.24-0.73, P = .002]. The Kaplan-Meier estimates for individual endpoints of all-cause death and HF hospitalization were significantly lower in the early surgery compared with the conservative group (HR 0.44; 95% CI 0.23-0.85, P = .012, for all-cause death and HR 0.21; 95% CI 0.06-0.73, P = .007, for HF hospitalizations).

Conclusions: The extended follow-up of the AVATAR trial demonstrates better clinical outcomes with early surgical AVR in truly asymptomatic patients with severe AS and normal LV ejection fraction compared with patients treated with conservative management on watchful waiting.

Keywords: Aortic stenosis; Aortic valve surgery; Asymptomatic; Low-risk; Outcomes; Treatment.

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