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Review
. 2024 Aug 28:16:549-566.
doi: 10.2147/CLEP.S459600. eCollection 2024.

Epidemiology of Invasive Candidiasis

Derek J Bays  1 , Emily N Jenkins  2   3 , Meghan Lyman  3 , Tom Chiller  3 , Nora Strong  4 , Luis Ostrosky-Zeichner  4 , Martin Hoenigl  5   6   7 , Peter G Pappas  8 , George R Thompson Iii  1   9
Affiliations
Review

Epidemiology of Invasive Candidiasis

Derek J Bays et al. Clin Epidemiol. .

Abstract

Invasive candidiasis (IC) is an increasingly prevalent, costly, and potentially fatal infection brought on by the opportunistic yeast, Candida. Previously, IC has predominantly been caused by C. albicans which is often drug susceptible. There has been a global trend towards decreasing rates of infection secondary to C. albicans and a rise in non-albicans species with a corresponding increase in drug resistance creating treatment challenges. With advances in management of malignancies, there has also been an increase in the population at risk from IC along with a corresponding increase in incidence of breakthrough IC infections. Additionally, the emergence of C. auris creates many challenges in management and prevention due to drug resistance and the organism's ability to transmit rapidly in the healthcare setting. While the development of novel antifungals is encouraging for future management, understanding the changing epidemiology of IC is a vital step in future management and prevention.

Keywords: Candida; emerging; epidemiology; non-albicans Candida species; resistance.

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Conflict of interest statement

The findings and conclusions of this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). D.B. was supported by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, through grant number UL1 TR001860 and linked award KL2 TR001859. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH. M.H. received research funding from Gilead, Astellas, MSD, IMMY, Euroimmun, Mundipharma, Scynexis, F2G and Pfizer, outside of the submitted work. L.O.-Z. reports grants, personal fees from Pfizer, personal fees from F2G, grants, personal fees from GSK, personal fees from Melinta, personal fees from Gilead, personal fees from Viracor, grants from Scynexis, grants from Pulmocide, grants from T2 Biosystems, personal fees from Cidara, outside the submitted work; and President, Mycoses Study Group and Education Consortium. G.R.T. has received research support and consulting for: Astellas, Cidara, Mundipharma, Melinta, F2G, Scynexis. G.R.T. has served on DSMB for Pfizer. P.P. reports grants from Cidara, grants from Melinta, grants from Astellas, during the conduct of the study. The authors report no other conflicts of interest in this work.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Common risk factors for invasive candidiasis. Risk factors: intravenous catheters, total parental nutrition, post-procedure, broad-spectrum antibiotics, colonization at non-sterile sites, chemotherapy, transplant recipients.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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