Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2024 Sep 2;9(9):CD015441.
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD015441.

Treatments of unscheduled vaginal bleeding due to progestin-only contraception

Affiliations

Treatments of unscheduled vaginal bleeding due to progestin-only contraception

Meredith Steinfeldt et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. .

Abstract

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To evaluate the effectiveness, safety, and side effects associated with the usage of different treatments for unscheduled vaginal bleeding in premenopausal women using progestin-only pills.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no financial interests in the present review.

References

Additional references

Anderson 2003
    1. Anderson FD, Hait H. A multicenter, randomized study of an extended cycle oral contraceptive. Contraception 2003;68(2):89-96. - PubMed
Balshem 2011
    1. Balshem H, Helfand M, Schünemann HJ, Oxman AD, Kunz R, Brozek J, et al. GRADE guidelines: 3. Rating the quality of evidence. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 2011;64(4):401-6. - PubMed
Cleveland Clinic 2021
    1. Cleveland Clinic. Abnormal uterine bleeding: causes, diagnosis & treatment. Available at https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15428-uterine-bleeding-ab... accessed 17 August 2024.
Covidence  [Computer program]
    1. Covidence. Melbourne, Australia: Veritas Health Innovation, 2024. Available at www.covidence.org.
Deeks 2002
    1. Deeks JJ. Issues in the selection of a summary statistic for meta-analysis of clinical trials with binary outcomes. Statistics in Medicine 2002;21(11):1575-600. - PubMed
Deeks 2023
    1. Deeks JJ, Higgins JPT, Altman DG. Chapter 10: Analysing data and undertaking meta-analyses. In: Higgins JPT, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, et al, editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 6.4 (updated August 2023). Cochrane, 2023. Available from www.training.cochrane.org/handbook.
Elbourne 2002
    1. Elbourne DR, Altman DG, Higgins JPT, Curtin F, Worthington HV, Vail A. Meta-analyses involving cross-over trials: methodological issues. International Journal of Epidemiology 2002 Feb;31(1):140-9. - PubMed
GRADEpro GDT [Computer program]
    1. GRADEpro GDT. Hamilton (ON): McMaster University (developed by Evidence Prime), 2024. Available at www.gradepro.org.
Grimes 2013
    1. Grimes DA, Lopez LM, O'Brien PA, Raymond EG. Progestin‐only pills for contraception. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 13 November 2013, Issue 11. Art. No: CD007541. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007541.pub3] - DOI - PMC - PubMed
Higgins 2011
    1. Higgins JT, Altman DG, Gøtzsche PC, Jüni P, Moher D, Oxman AD, et al. The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ 2011;343:d5928. - PMC - PubMed
Higgins 2017
    1. Higgins JPT, Altman DG, Sterne JAC, editor(s). Chapter 8: Assessing risk of bias in included studies. In: Higgins JPT, Churchill R, Chandler J, Cumpston MS, editor(s), Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.2.0 (updated June 2017), Cochrane, 2017. Available from training.cochrane.org/handbook/v5.2/.
Higgins 2023
    1. Higgins JP, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, et al, editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 6.4 (updated August 2023). Cochrane, 2023. Available from training.cochrane.org/handbook.
Hosenbocus 2011
    1. Hosenbocus S, Chahal R. SSRIs and SNRIs: a review of the discontinuation syndrome in children and adolescents. Journal of the Canadian Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry / Journal de l'Académie canadienne de psychiatrie de l'enfant et de l'adolescent 2011;20(1):60-7. - PMC - PubMed
Hulshof 2020
    1. Hulshof TA, Zuidema SU, Gispen-de Wied CC, Luijendijk HJ. Run-in periods and clinical outcomes of antipsychotics in dementia: a meta-epidemiological study of placebo-controlled trials. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety 2020;29(2):125-33. - PMC - PubMed
Kaneshiro 2010
    1. Kaneshiro B, Edelman A, Carlson N, Morgan K, Nichols M, Jensen J. Treatment of unscheduled bleeding in continuous oral contraceptive users with Doxycycline: a randomized controlled trial. Obstetrics & Gynecology 2010;115(6):1141-9. - PubMed
NSFG 2021
    1. National Center for Health Statistics (NSFG). National survey of family growth; archived key statistics from the national survey of family growth. www.cdc.gov/nchs/nsfg/key_statistics.htm Last updated Nov 2021.
Page 2023
    1. Page MJ, Higgins JPT, Sterne JAC. Chapter 13: Assessing risk of bias due to missing results in a synthesis. In: Higgins JPT, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, et al, editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 6.4 (updated August 2023). Cochrane, 2023. Available from www.training.cochrane.org/handbook.
Peters 2008
    1. Peters JL, Sutton AJ, Jones DR, Abrams KR, Rushton L. Contour-enhanced meta-analysis funnel plots help distinguish publication bias from other causes of asymmetry. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 2008;61(10):991-6. - PubMed
RevMan 2024 [Computer program]
    1. Review Manager (RevMan). Version 8.0.0. The Cochrane Collaboration, 2024. Available at revman.cochrane.org.
Schrager 2002
    1. Schrager S. Abnormal uterine bleeding associated with hormonal contraception. American Family Physician 2002;65(10):2073-81. - PubMed
Schünemann 2013
    1. Schünemann H, Brożek J, Guyatt G, Oxman A, editor(s). Handbook for grading the quality of evidence and the strength of recommendations using the GRADE approach (updated October 2013). GRADE Working Group, 2013. Available from gdt.guidelinedevelopment.org/app/handbook/handbook.html.
Schünemann 2023
    1. Schünemann HJ, Higgins JPT, Vist GE, Glasziou P, Akl EA, Skoetz N, et al. Chapter 14: Completing ‘Summary of findings’ tables and grading the certainty of the evidence. In: Higgins JPT, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, et al, editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 6.4 (updated August 2023). Cochrane, 2023. Available from www.training.cochrane.org/handbook.
Simmons 2016
    1. Simmons KB, Edelman AB, Fu R, Jensen JT. Tamoxifen for the treatment of breakthrough bleeding with the etonogestrel implant: a randomized controlled trial. Contraception 2016;95(2):198-204. - PubMed
UN 2021
    1. United Nations, Population Division. World contraceptive use. Available from www.un.org/development/desa/pd/data/world-contraceptive-use accessed July 2022.
Villavicencio 2016
    1. Villavicencio J, Allen RH. Unscheduled bleeding and contraceptive choice: increasing satisfaction and continuation rates. Open Access Journal of Contraception 2016;7:43-52. - PMC - PubMed
Zigler 2017
    1. Zigler RE, McNicholas C. Unscheduled vaginal bleeding with progestin-only contraceptive use. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology 2017;216(5):443-50. - PubMed

References to other published versions of this review

Abdel‐Aleem 2013
    1. Abdel‐Aleem H, d'Arcangues C, Vogelsong KM, Gaffield ML, Gülmezoglu AM. Treatment of vaginal bleeding irregularities induced by progestin-only contraceptives. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2013, Issue 10. Art. No: CD003449. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003449.pub4] - DOI - PMC - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources