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. 2024 Sep 2;21(1):206.
doi: 10.1186/s12985-024-02479-8.

Epidemiology and genetic characterization of human parainfluenza virus-1 infection in pediatric patients from Hangzhou China, 2021-2022

Ya-Jun Guo  1 , Jian Sun  2 , Ya-Lin Li  3 , Qin-Rui Lai  1 , Lin Li  4 , Hang-Yu Zhou  5 , Wei Li  6   7
Affiliations

Epidemiology and genetic characterization of human parainfluenza virus-1 infection in pediatric patients from Hangzhou China, 2021-2022

Ya-Jun Guo et al. Virol J. .

Abstract

Background: Human parainfluenza virus-1 (HPIV-1) is a notable pathogen instigating acute respiratory tract infections in children. The article is to elucidate the epidemiological and genetic characteristics of HPIV-1 circulating in Hangzhou during the period of 2021-2022.

Methods: A cohort of 2360 nasopharyngeal swabs were amassed and subsequently examined via RT-PCR, with HPIV-1 positive samples undergoing P gene sequencing.

Results: The highest HPIV-1 infection rates were found in children aged between 3 and 6 years. A pronounced positive rate persisted through the latter half of 2021, with a notable decline observed in the initial half of 2022. All HPIV-1 strains could be clustered into 2 groups: Cluster 1, with strains similar to those found in Japan (LC764865, LC764864), and Cluster 2, with strains similar to the Beijing strain (MW575643).

Conclusion: In conclusion, our study contributes to the comprehensive data on the epidemiological and genetic characteristics of HPIV-1 in pediatric patients from Hangzhou, post the COVID-19 peak.

Keywords: Children; Epidemiology; Genetic; Human parainfluenza virus-1; Infectious.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Age distribution of the positive rates in children with HPIV-1 infection. A Total cases and positive cases with HPIV-1 infection; B Positive rates in children with HPIV-1 infection
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Monthly distribution of the positive rates in children with HPIV-1 infection. A Total cases and positive cases with HPIV-1 infection; B Positive rates in children with HPIV-1 infection
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
P gene phylogenetic trees of HPIV-1 strains. Phylogenetic trees of HPIV-1 strains derived in the study during 2021–2022 based on the P gene. The phylogenetic trees were constructed using the maximum likelihood method with 1000 bootstraps. The sequences of HPIV-1 in this study are labeled with blue dots
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Deduced amino acid alignments of the P genes from Hangzhou HPIV-1 strains and reference strains (NC_003461)
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Similarity analysis of base sequences
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Similarity analysis of amino acid sequences
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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