Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Case Reports
. 2024 Aug 12;19(11):4814-4817.
doi: 10.1016/j.radcr.2024.07.089. eCollection 2024 Nov.

Color-coded circulation for visualizing swirling flow with a 3-dimensional helical stent in the superficial femoral artery

Mitsunari Maruyama  1 , Aso Hiroya  1 , Hisatoshi Araki  1 , Rika Yoshida  1 , Shinji Ando  1 , Megumi Nakamura  1 , Takeshi Yoshizako  1 , Yasushi Kaji  1
Affiliations
Case Reports

Color-coded circulation for visualizing swirling flow with a 3-dimensional helical stent in the superficial femoral artery

Mitsunari Maruyama et al. Radiol Case Rep. .

Abstract

Color-coded circulation is a display method that generates dynamic color-coded images based on the time of arrival of contrast agents using parametric imaging to create video displays. By cyclically displaying information in color according to the arrival time of the contrast agent at each pixel, anatomical blood vessel paths and blood flow information can be simultaneously visualized. Three-dimensional (3D) helical stents increase wall shear stress due to swirling flow and prevent intimal hyperplasia. To the best of our knowledge, there are no reports on the visualization of this swirling flow using color-coded circulation. Here, we report the use of color-coded circulation to visualize the swirling flow following the placement of a 3D helical stent in the left superficial femoral artery. Color-coded circulation may facilitate the evaluation of contrast agent distribution and blood flow, which may otherwise go undetected with digital subtraction angiography.

Keywords: 3D helical stent; Color-coded circulation; Endovascular therapy.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Fig 1
Fig. 1
Three-dimensional (3D) helical stent placement. (A) Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) image before endovascular therapy. (B) 3D helical stent. (C) DSA image after stent placement. The stent was deployed using a 3D helical stent for left superficial femoral artery occlusion.
Fig 2
Fig. 2
Color-coded circulation image before and after stent placement. (A) Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) image after stent placement. (B) Color-coded circulation image after stent placement. (C) Color-coded circulation image before stent placement. (D) Streamline image by 4-dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging at the stent exit site. It was difficult to confirm the presence of swirling flow using DSA (A). Layered colors are observed at the stent site (B, supplementary material: video displays) but are not present before stent placement (C). Swirling flow is visible in the streamlined image (D).
Fig 3
Fig. 3
Color-coded circulation image after stent placement. Focusing on a single color, such as blue, reveals a spiral flow pattern (white arrow, supplementary material: video displays).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Kawarada O. Color coded circulation in the field of infrapopliteal intervention. Cardiovasc Interv Ther. 2021;36(1):131–133. doi: 10.1007/s12928-020-00652-8. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Wood NB, Zhao SZ, Zambanini A, Jackson M, Gedroyc W, Thom SA, et al. Curvature and tortuosity of the superficial femoral artery: a possible risk factor for peripheral arterial disease. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2006;101(5):1412–1418. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00051.2006. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Malek AM, Alper SL, Izumo S. Hemodynamic shear stress and its role in atherosclerosis. JAMA. 1999;282(21):2035–2042. doi: 10.1001/jama.282.21.2035. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Caro CG, Seneviratne A, Heraty KB, Monaco C, Burke MG, Krams R, et al. Intimal hyperplasia following implantation of helical-centreline and straight-centreline stents in common carotid arteries in healthy pigs: influence of intraluminal flow. J R. Soc Interface. 2013;10(89) doi: 10.1098/rsif.2013.0578. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Sullivan TM, Zeller T, Nakamura M, Caro CG, Lichtenberg M. Swirling flow and wall shear: evaluating the BioMimics 3D helical centerline stent for the femoropopliteal segment. Int. J Vasc. Med. 2018;2018 doi: 10.1155/2018/9795174. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

Publication types

LinkOut - more resources