Lifeguard Pharmacy: the co-development of a new community pharmacy response service for people in danger from domestic abuse or suicidal ideation

Abstract

Background: Domestic abuse (DA) and suicidal ideation (SI) are prevalent and often co-occur. Numerous practical and psychosocial barriers inhibit help-seeking, including accessibility and confidentiality concerns. Pharmacies are accessible and may be perceived as a discreet venue for a DA and SI response service.

Objective: To co-develop a community pharmacy response service for people experiencing domestic abuse or suicidal ideation.

Methods: Overall, 36 unique individuals contributed at least once to a series of focus groups, interviews or workshops to co-develop the service components. Participants had lived experience of DA/SI or were professionals from DA/SI support services or pharmacies. Audio recordings and field notes from events were thematically analysed. Specific themes were identified and informed the development of the service components.

Key findings: Participants supported the development of this new service and considered community pharmacies to be an ideal setting. They thought of the service as a lifeline, that would offer hope. Under this main concept of hope, five main themes were identified: Safety, Empathy, Empowerment, Equity, and Discretion. Participants' practical considerations were incorporated into the service design, including the name choice of "Lifeguard Pharmacy", the strapline "Bringing Hope to Life", and the development of a "Client Flowchart" outlining how to welcome a client, arrange for a consultation, and then guide clients out of the pharmacy afterwards.

Conclusions: Overall, the findings supported the development and introduction of this pharmacy-based intervention, which may help overcome barriers to help-seeking for DA or SI due to its sense of hope, accessibility, and discretion.

Keywords: co-development; community pharmacy; domestic abuse; mental health; suicidal ideation; suicide prevention.