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. 2024 Jul;35(2):167-185.
doi: 10.21315/tlsr2024.35.2.8. Epub 2024 Jul 31.

Bioassay-Guided Fractionation of Acetone and Methanol Extracts of Quercus infectoria Galls with Antimalarial Properties

Nurul Hammizah Hamidon  1   2 , Anjana Chamilka Thuduhenage Dona  1 , Nik Nor Imam Nik Mat Zin  1   2 , Nurul Izza Nordin  2 , Shaida Fariza Sulaiman  3 , Nurhidanatasha Abu-Bakar  1
Affiliations

Bioassay-Guided Fractionation of Acetone and Methanol Extracts of Quercus infectoria Galls with Antimalarial Properties

Nurul Hammizah Hamidon et al. Trop Life Sci Res. 2024 Jul.

Abstract
in English, Malay (macrolanguage)

The antimalarial properties of crude extracts from Quercus infectoria galls were investigated through bioassay-guided fractionation. Acetone (QIA) and methanol (QIM) crude extracts have been reported to have promising antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum (3D7 strain). These extracts were subjected to fractionation using automated preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (prep-HPLC) to identify the most active fractions. Nine fractions were isolated from each extract, of which the fractions QIA11 and QIM16 showed antimalarial activity, with IC50 values of 17.65 ± 1.82 μg/mL and 24.21 ± 1.88 μg/mL, respectively. In comparison, the standard antimalarial drug artemisinin has an IC50 value of 0.004 ± 0.001 μg/mL). Through high-resolution liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HR-LCMS) analysis of the fractions, four known compounds were successfully identified: gallic acid, ellagic acid, 1,3,6-tris-o-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)-beta-d-glucose and 1-O,6-O-digalloyl-beta-D-glucose.

Sifat-sifat antimalaria ekstrak-ekstrak mentah dari biji Quercus infectoria dikaji melalui fraksinasi berpandukan bioasai. Ekstrak mentah aseton (QIA) dan metanol (QIM) dilaporkan sebelum ini mempunyai aktiviti antimalaria terhadap Plasmodium falciparum (strain 3D7). Ekstrak-ekstrak ini melalui fraksinasi menggunakan persediaan automatik kromatografi cecair berprestasi tinggi (prep-HPLC) untuk mengenal pasti fraksi yang paling aktif. Sembilan fraksi telah diasingkan daripada setiap ekstrak, di mana fraksi QIA11 dan QIM16 menunjukkan aktiviti antimalaria dengan nilai IC50 17.65 ± 1.82 μg / mL dan 24.21 ± 1.88 μg/mL, masing-masing dibandingkan dengan ubat antimalaria standard, artemisinin (IC50 = 0.004 ± 0.001 μg/mL). Analisa menggunakan kromatografi cecair beresolusi tinggi bersama dengan spektrometri jisim (HR-LCMS) berjaya mengenal pasti empat sebatian: asid gallic, asid ellagic, 1,3,6-tris-o-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyl)-beta-dglukosa dan 1-O, 6-O-digalloyl-beta-D-glukosa.

Keywords: Antimalarial Activity; HR-LCMS; Plasmodium falciparum; Preparative-HPLC; Quercus infectoria.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The prep-HPLC chromatogram of the methanol extract at a wavelength of 254 nm.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The prep-HPLC chromatogram of the acetone extract at a wavelength of 254 nm.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Log concentration-response curve of the: (A) acetone fractions; (B) methanol fractions; and (C) artemisinin against the chloroquine-sensitive (3D7) strain of P. falciparum. The horizontal dashed line corresponds to the approximate mean IC50 value from three independent experiments done in triplicates.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Log concentration-response curve of the: (A) acetone fractions; (B) methanol fractions; and (C) artemisinin against the chloroquine-sensitive (3D7) strain of P. falciparum. The horizontal dashed line corresponds to the approximate mean IC50 value from three independent experiments done in triplicates.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Log concentration-response curve of the: (A) acetone fractions; (B) methanol fractions; and (C) artemisinin against the chloroquine-sensitive (3D7) strain of P. falciparum. The horizontal dashed line corresponds to the approximate mean IC50 value from three independent experiments done in triplicates.
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