Utilizing Continuous Glucose Monitoring for Early Detection of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Pregnancy Outcomes in an Asian Population

Abstract

Objective: We explored the potential value of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in early pregnancy in predicting gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and pregnancy outcomes.

Research design and methods: The study recruited 103 multiethnic Asian pregnant women with overweight or obesity from a hospital-based, prospective cohort. All of them had worn blinded CGM devices in early pregnancy and underwent the universal GDM screening at 24-28 gestation weeks. Models were selected based on early pregnancy risk factors and CGM-derived parameters to compare their respective predictive values for GDM and pregnancy outcomes.

Results: Eighteen GDM cases were ascertained. CGM-derived novel parameters demonstrated greater performance (e.g., area under the curve: 0.953 vs. 0.722) for predicting incident GDM compared with the model using traditional risks. Such novel CGM-derived parameters significantly differentiated primary cesarean and large-for-gestational age babies.

Conclusions: Our data suggest CGM's potential clinical utility in the first trimester for predicting GDM and adverse pregnancy outcomes, particularly in individuals with overweight or obesity.