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. 2024 Aug 6;86(9):5145-5151.
doi: 10.1097/MS9.0000000000002432. eCollection 2024 Sep.

The relationship between parenting styles and self-esteem of medical students with age and gender as moderators

Fahad Gul  1 , Khawar Abbas  1 , Sajeel Saeed  2 , Tehseen Haider  2 , Sardar Noman Qayyum  3 , Samim Noori  4
Affiliations

The relationship between parenting styles and self-esteem of medical students with age and gender as moderators

Fahad Gul et al. Ann Med Surg (Lond). .

Abstract

Introduction: Among various factors that determine an individual's self-esteem, parenting styles play a significant role. This study investigates the link between parenting styles and self-esteem among medical students while exploring the role of age and gender in this context.

Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out among medical students from December 2020 to March 2021. An online survey was prepared using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and Parental Authority Questionnaire-Short Version, and students were asked to fill it out. Data were gathered from 255 students by simple random sampling technique, of which 230 forms were filled. SPSS version 26.0 was used to enter and analyze the data. One sample t-test, Pearson Correlation, and Hierarchal regression analysis were applied. AMOS version 26.00 was used for confirmatory factor analysis.

Results: Out of 230 participants, 60% of the sample population experienced an authoritative parenting style. Authoritarian and authoritative parenting styles were significantly correlated with self-esteem. Females who experienced authoritative parenting and males who experienced authoritarian and permissive parenting styles had higher self-esteem than their respective counterparts.

Conclusion: Authoritative parenting was the most common and the only parenting style with a statistically significant positive correlation with self-esteem. This study further highlights the importance of consistent parental supervision and open communication in determining an individual's self-esteem.

Keywords: authoritarian; authoritative; parenting styles; permissive; self-esteem.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.Sponsorships or competing interests that may be relevant to content are disclosed at the end of this article.

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