Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2022 Dec 30;2(1):100173.
doi: 10.1016/j.inpm.2022.100173. eCollection 2023 Mar.

Caudal regression syndrome and interventional pain techniques

Eldhose Abrahams  1 , Michael Robinson  1 , Aimee Pak  1
Affiliations

Caudal regression syndrome and interventional pain techniques

Eldhose Abrahams et al. Interv Pain Med. .
No abstract available

Keywords: Caudal regression syndrome; Fluoroscopy; Sacral agenesis; Sacroiliac joint injection.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
AP X-ray of the lumbar spine. A moderate rotary lumbar levoscoliosis is present. The levoconvex curvature (yellow arrow) of the lumbar spine is seen at the L2 vertebral body level. The sacral segments (red arrow) are absent inferior to S1. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Sagittal MRI of the lumbar spine. Cauda equina nerve root clumping (red arrow) is seen in this sagittal view of the lumbar spine. Lumbar vertebral segments are labeled. Sacral agenesis is commonly associated with caudal regression syndrome. A hypoplastic S1 is visible (blue arrow) with no inferior sacral segments. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Axial MRI at the vertebral level at S1. Bilateral S1 nerve roots (red asterisks) are visible within their respective foramen. The thecal sac is absent (yellow arrow). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Fluoroscopic image of a sacroiliac joint injection The intraarticular spread of contrast (red arrow) within right sacroiliac joint shows the correct target for injection. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Warner T., Scullen T.A., Iwanaga J., Loukas M., Bui C.J., Dumont A.S., Tubbs R.S. Caudal regression syndrome-A review focusing on genetic associations. World Neurosurg. 2020 Jun;138:461–467. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.03.057. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Pang D. Sacral agenesis and caudal spinal cord malformations. Neurosurgery. 1993 May;32(5):755–778. doi: 10.1227/00006123-199305000-00009. ; discussion 778-9. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Renshaw T.S. Sacral agenesis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1978 Apr;60(3):373–383. - PubMed
    1. Subtil D., Cosson M., Houfflin V., Vaast P., Valat A., Puech F. Early detection of caudal regression syndrome: specific interest and findings in three cases. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 1998 Sep;80(1):109–112. doi: 10.1016/s0301-2115(98)00075-x. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Negrete L.M., Chung M., Carr S.R., Tung G.A. In utero diagnosis of caudal regression syndrome. Radiol Case Rep. 2015 Dec 3;10(1):1049. doi: 10.2484/rcr.v10i1.1049. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources