The digital revolution in veterinary pathology

Abstract

For the past two centuries, the use of traditional light microscopy to examine tissues to make diagnoses has remained relatively unchanged. While the fundamental concept of tissue slide analysis has stayed the same, our interaction with the microscope is undergoing significant changes. Digital pathology (DP) has gained momentum in veterinary science and is on the verge of becoming a vital tool in diagnostics, research and education. Many diagnostic laboratories have incorporated DP as a critical part of their workflows. Innovations in DP and whole slide image technology have made telediagnosis (the process of transmitting digital clinical data using telecommunication networks for distant diagnosis) more accessible, leading to improved patient care through streamlining of workflows and greater accessibility of second opinions. The integration of machine learning and artificial intelligence and human-in-the-loop protocols for DP workflows will further the development of computer-aided diagnosis and prognostic tools. Despite its present weaknesses, DP will progressively aid veterinary clinicians and pathologists in delivering more accurate and reliable diagnoses. Consistent incorporation of DP frontline advancements into routine veterinary diagnostic pipelines will assist in improving current tools and help prepare pathologists for the progression of digitalization in the field.

Keywords: computerized; digital pathology; machine learning; telediagnosis; veterinary pathology; whole slide images.