JVL and HEM report support to ISGlobal from grant CEX2018-000806-S, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, and from the Generalitat de Catalunya, through the CERCA programme, outside of the submitted work. JVL acknowledges grants to ISGlobal from AbbVie, Boehringer Ingelheim, Echosens, Gilead Sciences, Madrigal, MSD, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, and Roche Diagnostics; consulting fees from Echosens, NovoVax, GSK, Novo Nordisk, and Pfizer; and payment or honoraria for lectures from AbbVie, Echosens, Gilead Sciences, Janssen, Moderna, MSD, Novo Nordisk, and Pfizer, outside of the submitted work. HEM is Director of HEM Consultancy, which provides consulting services within the global health and international development sectors and, through HEM Consultancy, reports consulting fees from Panorama Global, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, European Association for the Study of the Liver, GBCHealth, and United Nations University-IIGH, outside of the submitted work. NA acknowledges grants or contracts from 89Bio, Akero, Arbutus, AstraZeneca, Better Therapeutics, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Corcept, Cymabay, DSM, Galectin, Genentech, Genfit, Gilead, Hepagene, Healio, Intercept, Inventiva, Ionis, Ipsen, Madrigal, Merck, NGM, Noom, NorthSea, Novo Nordisk, Perspectum, Pfizer, Poxel, Viking, and Zydus; consulting fees from 89Bio, Boehringer Ingelheim, Echosens, Fibronostics, Gilead, Intercept, Ipsen, Madrigal, NorthSea, Novo Nordisk, Perspectum, Pfizer, and Zydus; and payment or honoraria from AbbVie, Alexion, Echosens, Gilead, Intercept, Ipsen, Madrigal, and Perspectum, outside of the submitted work. CWS acknowledges speaker bureau fees from Gilead Sciences paid to her institution and personal travel support to the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, outside of the submitted work. MT acknowledges grants or contracts from the EU's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (LiverScreen, grant 847989), Novo Nordisk Foundation (DECIDE, grant NNF20OC0059393), and EU's Innovative Health Initiative Joint Undertaking (LIVERAIM, grant 101132901); advisory fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, AstraZeneca, Novo Nordisk, and GSK; speaker fees from Siemens Healthcare, Echosens, Norgine, Madrigal, Takeda, and Tillotts Pharma; and being a cofounder and board member for Evido and board member for Alcohol & Society (a non-governmental organisation), outside of the submitted work. VW-SW acknowledges grants or contracts from Gilead Sciences paid to his institution; consulting fees from AbbVie, Boehringer Ingelheim, Echosens, Gilead Sciences, Intercept, Inventiva, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, Sagimet Biosciences, TARGET PharmaSolutions, and Visirna; payment or honoraria from Abbott, AbbVie, Echosens, Gilead Sciences, Novo Nordisk, and Unilab; support for attending meetings or travel from AbbVie and Gilead Sciences paid to his institution; being chairman of the specialty board of Gastroenterology and Hepatology of the Hong Kong College of Physicians; and being cofounder of Illuminatio Medical Technology, outside of the submitted work. ZMY acknowledges grants or contracts, consulting fees, payment or honoraria, and support for attending meetings or travel from BMS, GSK, Akero, Cymabay, Ipsen, Aventiva, Gilead, AbbVie, Abbott, Novo Nordisk, Madrigal, Merck, Siemens, and Intercept, outside of the submitted work. LAD and AD declare no competing interests.