The impact of sex in the effectiveness of functional remediation in bipolar disorder
- PMID: 39243167
- DOI: 10.1111/acps.13748
The impact of sex in the effectiveness of functional remediation in bipolar disorder
Abstract
Background: Functional recovery remains a core clinical objective for patients with bipolar disorder (BD). Sociodemographic, clinical, and neurocognitive variables are associated with long-term functional impairment, yet the impact of sex differences is unclear. Functional remediation (FR) is a validated intervention aimed at achieving functional recovery in BD. The present study assessed the effect of sex differences of FR on psychosocial functioning at post-treatment (6-months) and 12-month follow-up (FUP). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to explore the role of sex as a factor in the efficacy of FR.
Methods: 157 participants with BD were randomly assigned to either FR (N = 77) or treatment as usual group (80). Clinical, sociodemographic, neuropsychological, and functional data were obtained using a comprehensive assessment battery. Sex differences were explored via a general linear model (GLM) for repeated measures to compare the effect of sex on the intervention over time (6 months and FUP).
Results: Results demonstrated that FR benefits both sexes, males (p = 0.001; d' = 0.88) and females (p = 0.04; d' = 0.57), at 6 months suggesting a generalized functional improvement. Conversely, at 12-month FUP sex differences were observed only in males (p = 0.005; d' = 0.68).
Conclusions: FR is a beneficial intervention for males and females after treatment, suggesting that there are no relevant distinct needs. Females may benefit from ongoing psychosocial functioning booster sessions after the intervention to maintain original improvements. Future research exploring sex differences could help to identify strategies to offer personalized FR intervention approaches in individuals with BD.
Keywords: bipolar disorder; functional remediation; psychosocial functioning; sex differences.
© 2024 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
References
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- PI080180/Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness
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- European Social Fund
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- CPI14/00175/"Miguel Servet" postdoctoral contract
- CPII19/00018/Miguel Servet II contract
- Spanish Ministry of Innovation and Science
- European Union (FEDER)
- Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation
- 2017 SGR 1365/Secretaria d'Universitats i Recerca del Departament d'Economia i Coneixement
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- ISCIII-Subdirección General de Evaluación and the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER)
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- 101034377/Project PRISM-2
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- 5P50MH115846-03/Horizon Europe, the National Institute of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health
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