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Review
. 2024 Sep 5:12:e17843.
doi: 10.7717/peerj.17843. eCollection 2024.

Omics approaches to unravel insecticide resistance mechanism in Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)

Muhammad Aqil Fitri Rosli  1 , Sharifah Nabihah Syed Jaafar  2 , Kamalrul Azlan Azizan  1 , Salmah Yaakop  3 , Wan Mohd Aizat  1
Affiliations
Review

Omics approaches to unravel insecticide resistance mechanism in Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)

Muhammad Aqil Fitri Rosli et al. PeerJ. .

Abstract

Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) whitefly (BtWf) is an invasive pest that has already spread worldwide and caused major crop losses. Numerous strategies have been implemented to control their infestation, including the use of insecticides. However, prolonged insecticide exposures have evolved BtWf to resist these chemicals. Such resistance mechanism is known to be regulated at the molecular level and systems biology omics approaches could shed some light on understanding this regulation wholistically. In this review, we discuss the use of various omics techniques (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) to unravel the mechanism of insecticide resistance in BtWf. We summarize key genes, enzymes, and metabolic regulation that are associated with the resistance mechanism and review their impact on BtWf resistance. Evidently, key enzymes involved in the detoxification system such as cytochrome P450 (CYP), glutathione S-transferases (GST), carboxylesterases (COE), UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGT), and ATP binding cassette transporters (ABC) family played key roles in the resistance. These genes/proteins can then serve as the foundation for other targeted techniques, such as gene silencing techniques using RNA interference and CRISPR. In the future, such techniques will be useful to knock down detoxifying genes and crucial neutralizing enzymes involved in the resistance mechanism, which could lead to solutions for coping against BtWf infestation.

Keywords: Detoxification systems; Gene silencing; Multi-omics; Pesticide resistance; Systems biology; Whitefly.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. A close-up image of BtWf unique modified mouthparts from a plant foliage.
Photo credit: Muhammad Aqil Fitri Rosli. The adult BtWf was observed with a trinocular stereoscopic microscope SZ61 (Olympus) attached with a digital camera. This camera was linked and controlled via ToupView (version 3.0).
Figure 2
Figure 2. BtWf insecticide resistance status over time across various classes of insecticides.
Data source: Naveen et al. (2017) and Siddiqui et al. (2023) Template credit: Koleksi Template PowerPoint GayaPro v3.0 (Light). Chemical structure drawing tool: ChemSketch (Freeware) 2023.2.4 by ACD/Labs.
Figure 3
Figure 3. A PRISMA model on multi-omics platforms application in understanding BtWf insecticide resistance research.
The model encompassing of database searches with keywords “Bemisia tabaci” AND “insecticide resistance” to identify relevant articles and establishing specific inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Figure 4
Figure 4. Detoxification systems in insects for resisting insecticides.
ATP binding cassette transporters (ABC), carboxylesterases (COE), cytochrome P450s (CYP), glutathione S-transferases (GST), and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGT).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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