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Review
. 2024 Dec 31;10(1):2387961.
doi: 10.1080/20565623.2024.2387961. Epub 2024 Sep 9.

Imperative role of adaptor proteins in macrophage toll-like receptor signaling pathways

Aurelia Rughetti  1 , Shreya Bharti  2 , Rajkumar Savai  3   4   5 , Spyridoula Barmpoutsi  3   4 , Andreas Weigert  5   6 , Rajat Atre  2 , Faaiza Siddiqi  2 , Rahul Sharma  2 , Rakhi Khabiya  2 , Nik Hirani  7 , Mirza S Baig  2
Affiliations
Review

Imperative role of adaptor proteins in macrophage toll-like receptor signaling pathways

Aurelia Rughetti et al. Future Sci OA. .

Abstract

Macrophages are integral part of the body's defense against pathogens and serve as vital regulators of inflammation. Adaptor molecules, featuring diverse domains, intricately orchestrate the recruitment and transmission of inflammatory responses through signaling cascades. Key domains involved in macrophage polarization include Toll-like receptors (TLRs), Src Homology2 (SH2) and other small domains, alongside receptor tyrosine kinases, crucial for pathway activation. This review aims to elucidate the enigmatic role of macrophage adaptor molecules in modulating macrophage activation, emphasizing their diverse roles and potential therapeutic and investigative avenues for further exploration.

Keywords: TLR; adaptor proteins; biomarkers; cell signaling; cytokine production; immunomodulation; inflammation; macrophage; pathogen recognition; therapeutic targets.

Plain language summary

In our manuscript, we explore the vital role of adaptor proteins regarding ways, our immune cells, specifically macrophages, detect and respond to threats. These proteins act as crucial messengers, helping macrophages recognize harmful invaders and initiate the body's defense mechanisms. Understanding this process not only sheds light on how our immune system works but also holds promise for developing new therapies to combat infections and inflammatory diseases. Our findings offer insight into the intricate world of immune response, potentially paving the way for improved treatments for a range of health conditions.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no other competing interests or relevant affiliations with any organization or entity with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Role of macrophage adaptor proteins in toll-like receptors signaling pathway.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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