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Review
. 2025 Feb;50(2):807-826.
doi: 10.1007/s00261-024-04412-7. Epub 2024 Sep 10.

Imaging assessment of prostate cancer recurrence: advances in detection of local and systemic relapse

Valdair Francisco Muglia  1 , Ludovica Laschena  2 , Martina Pecoraro  2 , Gabriel de Lion Gouvea  3 , Leandro Machado Colli  3 , Valeria Panebianco  2
Affiliations
Review

Imaging assessment of prostate cancer recurrence: advances in detection of local and systemic relapse

Valdair Francisco Muglia et al. Abdom Radiol (NY). 2025 Feb.

Abstract

Prostate cancer (PCa) relapse, defined either by persistent PSA levels (after RP) or biochemical recurrence (BCR), is a common occurrence. The imaging evaluation of patients experiencing PCa relapse has undergone significant advancements in the past decade, notably with the introduction of new Positron Emission Tomography (PET) tracers such as Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), and the progress in functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). This article will explore the role of traditional imaging, the evolution of MRI towards the development of the Prostate Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Local Recurrence Reporting (PI-RR) scoring system, and how next-generation imaging is enhancing diagnostic accuracy in the setting of PCa relapse, which is essential for adopting personalized strategies that may ultimately impact outcomes.

Keywords: Biochemical recurrence; Magnetic resonance imaging; Positron emission tomography; Prostate cancer.

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