Efficacy and safety of the combination of encorafenib/cetuximab with or without binimetinib in patients with BRAF V600E-mutated metastatic colorectal cancer: an AGEO real-world multicenter study

Abstract

Background: The combination of encorafenib with cetuximab has become the standard of care in patients with BRAF V600E-mutated metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) after a prior systemic therapy. This study aims to describe the efficacy and safety of encorafenib/cetuximab +/- binimetinib in patients with BRAF V600E-mutated mCRC in a real-world setting.

Patients and methods: This retrospective study included patients with BRAF V600E-mutated mCRC who received this combination from January 2020 to June 2022 in 30 centers.

Results: A total of 201 patients were included, with 55% of women, a median age of 62 years, and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG-PS) >1 in 20% of cases. The main tumor characteristics were 60% of right-sided primary tumor, 11% of microsatellite instability/mismatch repair deficient phenotype, and liver and peritoneum being the two main metastatic sites (57% and 51%). Encorafenib/cetuximab +/- binimetinib was prescribed in the first, second, third, and beyond third line in 4%, 56%, 29%, and 11%, respectively, of cases, with the encorafenib/cetuximab/binimetinib combination for 21 patients (10%). With encorafenib/cetuximab treatment, 21% of patients experienced grade ≥3 adverse events (AEs), with each type of grade ≥3 AE observed in <5% of patients. The objective response rate was 32.2% and the disease control rate (DCR) was 71.2%. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 4.5 months [95% confidence interval (CI) 3.9-5.4 months] and the median overall survival (OS) was 9.2 months (95% CI 7.8-10.8 months). In multivariable analysis, factors associated with a shorter PFS were synchronous metastases [hazard ratio (HR) 1.66, P = 0.04] and ECOG-PS >1 (HR 1.88, P = 0.007), and those associated with a shorter OS were the same factors (HR 1.71, P = 0.03 and HR 2.36, P < 0.001, respectively) in addition to treatment beyond the second line (HR 1.74, P = 0.003) and high carcinoembryonic antigen level (HR 1.72, P = 0.003).

Conclusion: This real-world study showed that in patients with BRAF V600E-mutated mCRC treated with encorafenib/cetuximab +/- binimetinib, efficacy and safety data confirm those reported in the BEACON registration trial. The main poor prognostic factors for this treatment are synchronous metastases and ECOG-PS >1.

Keywords: BRAF V600E mutation; colorectal cancer; encorafenib; real-world study; targeted therapy.

Figure 1

Kaplan–Meier curves for progression-free survival and overall survival in patients treated with encorafenib/cetuximab +/− binimetinib. (A) Progression-free survival in patients treated with encorafenib + cetuximab and in those treated with encorafenib + cetuximab + binimetinib. (B) Overall survival in patients treated with encorafenib + cetuximab and in those treated with encorafenib + cetuximab + binimetinib. Bini, binimetinib; Cetux, cetuximab; Enco, encorafenib.