Double Spin with a Twist: Synthesis and Characterization of a Neutral Mixed-Valence Organic Stable Diradical

Abstract

A convenient design strategy opens access to neutral open-shell mixed-valence species via the redox transformation of charged stable precursors, i.e., the spiro-fused borate anions. We have implemented this strategy for the synthesis of the first neutral mixed-valence diradical: two neutral mixed-valence radical fragments were assembled via a twisted biphenyl bridge. The diradical is a crystalline solid obtained in almost quantitative yield by using a facile synthetic procedure. It is stable at room temperature in the triplet ground state with a very small singlet/triplet gap. This metal-free diradical can reversibly form five redox states. The diradical exhibits an intense IVCT band in the NIR region and can be assigned as a Class 2 Robin-Day MV (mixed valence) system with weakly interacting redox centers. Computations suggest that this diradical finds itself in a unique tug-of-war between two electron delocalization patterns, Kekulé and non-Kekulé, which gives rise to two geometric isomers that are close in energy but drastically different in spin distribution and polarity. Such bistable spin-systems should be intrinsically switchable and promising for the design of functional spin devices. The scope and limitations of the new redox-strategy for the neutral MV radicals were also tested on other types of spiro-fused borates, revealing structural factors responsible for the evolution from transient to persistent and then to stable radicals.