The FRI classification - A new classification of fracture-related infections

Abstract

Aim: To identify the most relevant factors with respect to the management of fracture-related infection (FRI) and to develop a comprehensive FRI classification that guides decision-making and allows scientific comparison.

Method: An international group of FRI experts determined the preconditions, purpose, primary factors for inclusion, format and detailed description of the elements of an FRI classification through a consensus driven process.

Results: Three major elements were identified and grouped together in the FRI Classification: Fracture (F), Related patient factors (R) and Impairment of soft tissues (I). Each element was divided into five levels of complexity. Fractures can be healed (F1) or unhealed (F2-5). Patients may be fully healthy (R1) or have 4 levels of compromise, with and without end-organ damage (R2-5). Soft tissue condition ranges from well vascularized and easily closed (I1) to major skin defects requiring free flaps (I4). In all three elements, the fifth level (F5, R5 or I5) describes a patient who has an unreconstructible bone, soft tissue envelope or is not fit for surgery.

Conclusion: The FRI classification, which is based on the three major elements Fracture (F), Related patient factors (R) and Impairment of soft tissues (I) is intended to guide decision-making and improve the quality of scientific reporting for FRIs in the future. The proposed classification is based on expert opinion and therefore an essential next step is clinical validation, in order to realize the ultimate goal of improving outcomes in the management of FRI.

Keywords: Classification; Co-morbidity; FRI; Fracture; Fracture-related infection; Infection; Soft-tissue.