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. 2024 Aug 15;16(8):3759-3768.
doi: 10.62347/YOBS2983. eCollection 2024.

Correlation between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and peripheral arterial disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a single-center retrospective study

Cila Zhou  1 , Bin Zhou  1 , Kuang Yao  1 , Jie Yang  1 , Yonghua Yan  1 , Yinkuan Ning  2
Affiliations

Correlation between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and peripheral arterial disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a single-center retrospective study

Cila Zhou et al. Am J Transl Res. .

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: This retrospective study analyzed data from 752 T2DM patients treated at Shaoyang Central Hospital between September 2020 and September 2023. Patients were divided into two groups: those with T2DM alone and those with T2DM and PAD. We compared demographic data, biochemical indices, and ankle-brachial index (ABI) values. Pearson correlation and multivariate logistic regression with a forward likelihood ratio method assessed the relationship and risk factors. The predictive value of serum 25(OH)D levels for PAD was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.

Results: The T2DM+PAD group was older and had a longer duration of diabetes compared to the T2DM group. This group also had lower BMI, diastolic blood pressure, and ABI values, but higher levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and total cholesterol (TC) (all P<0.05). Serum 25(OH)D levels were significantly lower in the T2DM+PAD group (P<0.05). ABI negatively correlated with age, diabetes duration, LDL-C, and TC, and positively with BMI and 25(OH)D levels (all P<0.05). Older age, lower BMI, higher LDL-C, and lower 25(OH)D levels were independent risk factors for PAD (ORs: 1.060, 0.781, 1.083, and 0.959, respectively; all P<0.05). The risk of PAD was significantly higher in the 25(OH)D deficiency group (P<0.05). The AUC for serum 25(OH)D in predicting PAD occurrence was 0.629.

Conclusion: Lower serum 25(OH)D levels are associated with higher risk of PAD in patients with T2DM. Early identification and management of 25(OH)D deficiency may be crucial for preventing PAD in this population.

Keywords: 25-hydroxyvitamin D; Type 2 diabetes; ankle brachial index; atherosclerosis; peripheral arterial disease.

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Conflict of interest statement

None.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Correlation between ABI-R and other variables. A. Age; B. Course of diabetes mellitus; C. BMI; D. LDL-C level; E. TC level; F. 25(OH)D level. ABI-R: ankle brachial index-right; BMI: body mass index; LDL-C: low density lipoprotein cholesterol; TC: total cholesterol; 25(OH)D: 25-hydroxyvitamin D.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Correlation between ABI-L and other variables. A. Age; B. Course of diabetes mellitus; C. BMI; D. 25(OH)D level. ABI-L: ankle brachial index-left; BMI: body mass index; 25(OH)D: 25-hydroxyvitamin D.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Value of 25(OH)D in predicting the PAD occurred in T2DM patients. ROC: receiver operating characteristic; PAD: peripheral arterial disease.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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