Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2024 Aug 18:9:100824.
doi: 10.1016/j.crfs.2024.100824. eCollection 2024.

Chemical modification of bacterial exopolysaccharides: Antioxidant properties and health potentials

Irshad Ahmad Shah  1 , Digambar Kavitake  2 , Swati Tiwari  1 , Palanisamy Bruntha Devi  1 , G Bhanuprakash Reddy  2 , Krishna Kumar Jaiswal  3 , Amit K Jaiswal  4 , Prathapkumar Halady Shetty  1
Affiliations
Review

Chemical modification of bacterial exopolysaccharides: Antioxidant properties and health potentials

Irshad Ahmad Shah et al. Curr Res Food Sci. .

Abstract

In recent years, there has been a burgeoning interest in the utilization of microbial exopolysaccharides (EPS) because of the added advantage of their renewable, biocompatible, and biodegradable nature in addition to intended applications. The endowed properties of bacterial EPS make them valuable candidates for a wide array of industrial applications. Modification of native EPS is known to enhance various physico-chemical and functional properties. Various modifications such as physical, chemical, biological, and enzymatic modifications were practiced improving the bioactivity of EPS. This paper comprehensively aims to review the most recent chemical modification techniques employed to modify the physico-chemical and functional changes of bacterial EPS in comparison with the unmodified forms. Chemical modification entails strategic alterations to the structure and properties of EPS through various synthetic and semi-synthetic methodologies. Emphasis is given to the antioxidant potential and functional role of these EPS derivatives in human health. Antioxidant properties reveal a significant augmentation in activity compared to their native counterparts. Such enhancement holds a strong promise for potential benefits and therapeutic applications. Chemical derivatives of EPS with overwhelming functional benefits could surely encourage EPS application, particularly as potential hydrocolloids in industrial and biomedical contexts.

Keywords: Antioxidant potential; Bacteria; Chemical modifications; Exopolysaccharides (EPS); Health benefits.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Image 1
Graphical abstract
Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Sulphonation methods and sequence of steps during the process.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Sequence of steps in the acetylation process for EPS modification.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Sequence of steps in carboxymethylation of bacterial EPS.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Phosphorylation methods for bacterial EPS and steps.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Sequence of steps in the benzoylation process for EPS modification.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Sequence of steps in selinization process for EPS modification.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Abdel-Fattah A.M., Gamal-Eldeen A.M., Helmy W.A., Esawy M.A. Antitumor and antioxidant activities of levan and its derivative from the isolate Bacillus subtilis NRC1aza. Carbohydr. Polym. 2012;89(2):314–322. - PubMed
    1. Ahmad M.M. Recent trends in chemical modification and antioxidant activities of plants-based polysaccharides: a review. Carbohydr Polym Technol Appl. 2021;2:100045.
    1. Akkerman R., Oerlemans M.M.P., Ferrari M., Fernández-Lainez C., de Haan B.J., Faas M.M., Walvoort M.T.C., de Vos P. Exopolysaccharide β-(2, 6)-levan-type fructans have a molecular-weight-dependent modulatory effect on Toll-like receptor signalling. Food Funct. 2024;15:676–688. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Almutairi M.H., Helal M.M.I. vol. 33. J King Saud Univ; 2021. (Biological and Microbiological Activities of Isolated Enterobacter Sp. ACD2 Exopolysaccharides from Tabuk Region of Saudi Arabia).
    1. Andrew M., Jayaraman G. Structural features of microbial exopolysaccharides in relation to their antioxidant activity. Carbohydr. Res. 2020;487 doi: 10.1016/j.carres.2019.107881. - DOI - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources