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. 2024 Sep 6;27(1):21-29.
doi: 10.2478/bjmg-2024-0002. eCollection 2024 Jun.

Comparison of FGF-8, FGF-10, FGF-Receptor 2, Androgen Receptor, Estrogen Receptor-A and SS in Healthy and Hypospadiac Children

N Emaratpardaz  1 , Z Turkyilmaz  1 , R Karabulut  1 , D Dayanir  2 , C Kaya  1 , Aae Sert  2 , G Arkan  1 , F A Ucaner  1 , A Kapisiz  1 , S Eryilmaz  1 , A Atan  3 , K Sonmez  1
Affiliations

Comparison of FGF-8, FGF-10, FGF-Receptor 2, Androgen Receptor, Estrogen Receptor-A and SS in Healthy and Hypospadiac Children

N Emaratpardaz et al. Balkan J Med Genet. .

Abstract

In this study, we aimed to investigate the levels of Fibroblast Growth Factor-8 (FGF-8), FGF-10, FGF-Receptor-2 (FGFR-2), Androgen receptor (AR), Estrogen receptor alpha and beta (ER-α and ER-β) in the foreskins of children with and without hypospadias.

Methods: Samples from the foreskins of 20 children with hypospadias and 20 skin samples from children without hypospadias between the ages of 14 months and 12 years were taken during circumcision or hypospadias correction surgery for immunohistochemical (IHC) examination of these markers. In IHC examination, it was shown that ER-α, ER-β and AR receptors were more involved in the foreskin of children with hypospadias than in the fore-skin of without hypospadias children, and FGF-8, FGF-10 and FGFR-2 were lower (p<0.05). ER and AR uptake were higher in hypospadias tissue samples and FGF-8, FGF-10, and FGFR-2 uptakes were lower compared to without hypospadias children's tissue samples, and these factors were supported by affecting each other in the development of hypospadias. The limited number of studies on this subject in the literature and the contradictory results of the findings indicate that more research should be done on this subject in the future.

Keywords: FGF receptors; androgen receptor; estrogen receptors; etiology; hypospadias.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests None declared.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
AR uptake was observed in basal keratinocytes in control group. AR involvement was limited to the lower 2/3 of the epidermis in the hypospadias group (IHC Staining, 200 X).
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
ER-α uptake was observed in basal keratinocytes in control group. ER-α involvement was limited to the lower 2/3 of the epidermis in the hypospadias group (IHC Staining, 200 X).
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
ER-β uptake was observed in basal keratinocytes in control group. ER-β involvement was limited to the lower 2/3 of the epidermis in the hypospadias group (IHC Staining, 200 X).
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
In the control group, FGFR-2 uptake was observed in more than 50% of Keratinocytes (Epidermis Pattern 3) and clustered positive cells in more than 50% of all visible dermal cells (Dermis Pattern C). Limited to basal involvement in hypospadias group (Epidermis Pattern 1) and involvement of less than 50% of dermal cells (Dermis Pattern B) (IHC Staining, 200 X).
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
In the control Group, more than 50% of keratinocytes were involved (Epidermis Pattern 3) and less than 50% of dermal cells are involved (Dermis Pattern B) for FGF-8. In the hypospadias group, it was limited to basal involvement (Epidermis Pattern 1) and involvement of less than 50% of dermal cells (Dermis Pattern B) (IHC Staining, 200 X).
Figure 6.
Figure 6.
More than 50% involvement of keratinocytes (Epidermis Pattern 3) and clustered positive cells more than 50% of all visible dermal cells (Dermis Pattern C) for FGF-10 in the control group. In the hypospadias group, less than 50% of keratinocytes were involved (Epidermis Pattern 2) and involvement of less than 50% of dermal cells (Dermis Pattern B) (IHC Staining, 200 X).
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