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. 2024 Sep 13;39(1):140.
doi: 10.1007/s00384-024-04712-w.

Prevalence and risk factors of sleep disorders in inflammatory bowel disease: a cross-sectional study

Jin-Zhi Zhang #  1   2 , Xiao-Zhen Song #  3 , Xiao-Na Song  1   2 , Ya-Lin Shen  1   2 , Hong Tang  4   5 , Hong Li  6   7
Affiliations

Prevalence and risk factors of sleep disorders in inflammatory bowel disease: a cross-sectional study

Jin-Zhi Zhang et al. Int J Colorectal Dis. .

Abstract

Background: Sleep disorders are one of the major public health problems, which can potentially induce inflammation and exacerbate disease activity, resulting in compromised sleep quality. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors associated with sleep disorders among patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Methods: Between March 2023 and February 2024, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was employed to assess sleep quality in both IBD patients and healthy control subjects. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to identify the risk factors associated with SD in IBD patients.

Results: Overall, 208 IBD patients [150 Crohn's disease (CD) and 58 ulcerative colitis (UC)] and 199 healthy individuals were included. Sleep disorders were observed in 59.6% of patients with IBD, with a higher prevalence among females (63.5%) compared to males (56.9%) (P = 0.476). The prevalence of sleep disorders in IBD patients was significantly higher than that found in healthy controls (37.7%) (all P < 0.01). The prevalence of sleep disorders among CD and UC patients was 58% and 63.8%, respectively (P = 0.291). The multivariate analysis revealed that older age (OR, 1.070; 95% CI: 1.035-1.105, P = 0.000), smoking (OR, 2.698; 95% CI: 1.089-6.685, P = 0.032), and depression (OR, 4.779; 95% CI: 1.915-11.928, P = 0.001) were risk factors for sleep disorders in IBD patients. However, higher body mass index (OR, 0.879; 95% CI: 0.790-0.977, P = 0.017) was identified as a protective factor.

Conclusion: Sleep disorders are common among IBD patients regardless of activity levels. Smoking and depression are the major risk factors.

Keywords: Inflammatory bowel disease; Prevalence; Risk factor; Sleep disorders.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
The prevalence of sleep disorders in patients with IBD compared with healthy controls according to PSQI. IBD inflammatory bowel disease, PSQI Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, CD Crohn’s disease, UC ulcerative colitis
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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