doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.133.092301.
Measurements of Chemical Potentials in Pb-Pb Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV
S Acharya
1
, D Adamová
2
, G Aglieri Rinella
3
, L Aglietta
4
, M Agnello
5
, N Agrawal
6
, Z Ahammed
7
, S Ahmad
8
, S U Ahn
9
, I Ahuja
10
, A Akindinov
11
, M Al-Turany
12
, D Aleksandrov
11
, B Alessandro
13
, H M Alfanda
14
, R Alfaro Molina
15
, B Ali
8
, A Alici
6
, N Alizadehvandchali
16
, A Alkin
3
, J Alme
17
, G Alocco
18
, T Alt
19
, A R Altamura
20
, I Altsybeev
21
, J R Alvarado
22
, M N Anaam
14
, C Andrei
23
, N Andreou
24
, A Andronic
25
, E Andronov
11
, V Anguelov
26
, F Antinori
27
, P Antonioli
28
, N Apadula
29
, L Aphecetche
30
, H Appelshäuser
19
, C Arata
31
, S Arcelli
6
, M Aresti
32
, R Arnaldi
13
, J G M C A Arneiro
33
, I C Arsene
34
, M Arslandok
35
, A Augustinus
3
, R Averbeck
12
, M D Azmi
8
, H Baba
36
, A Badalà
37
, J Bae
38
, Y W Baek
39
, X Bai
40
, R Bailhache
19
, Y Bailung
41
, R Bala
42
, A Balbino
5
, A Baldisseri
43
, B Balis
44
, D Banerjee
45
, Z Banoo
42
, F Barile
46
, L Barioglio
13
, M Barlou
47
, B Barman
48
, G G Barnaföldi
49
, L S Barnby
50
, E Barreau
30
, V Barret
1
, L Barreto
33
, C Bartels
51
, K Barth
3
, E Bartsch
19
, N Bastid
1
, S Basu
52
, G Batigne
30
, D Battistini
21
, B Batyunya
53
, D Bauri
54
, J L Bazo Alba
55
, I G Bearden
56
, C Beattie
35
, P Becht
12
, D Behera
41
, I Belikov
57
, A D C Bell Hechavarria
25
, F Bellini
6
, R Bellwied
16
, S Belokurova
11
, L G E Beltran
58
, Y A V Beltran
22
, G Bencedi
49
, S Beole
4
, Y Berdnikov
11
, A Berdnikova
26
, L Bergmann
26
, M G Besoiu
59
, L Betev
3
, P P Bhaduri
7
, A Bhasin
42
, M A Bhat
45
, B Bhattacharjee
48
, L Bianchi
4
, N Bianchi
60
, J Bielčík
61
, J Bielčíková
2
, A P Bigot
57
, A Bilandzic
21
, G Biro
49
, S Biswas
45
, N Bize
30
, J T Blair
62
, D Blau
11
, M B Blidaru
12
, N Bluhme
63
, C Blume
19
, G Boca
64
65
, F Bock
66
, T Bodova
17
, S Boi
32
, J Bok
67
, L Boldizsár
49
, M Bombara
10
, P M Bond
3
, G Bonomi
65
68
, H Borel
43
, A Borissov
11
, A G Borquez Carcamo
26
, H Bossi
35
, E Botta
4
, Y E M Bouziani
19
, L Bratrud
19
, P Braun-Munzinger
12
, M Bregant
33
, M Broz
61
, G E Bruno
46
69
, M D Buckland
70
, D Budnikov
11
, H Buesching
19
, S Bufalino
5
, P Buhler
71
, N Burmasov
11
, Z Buthelezi
72
73
, A Bylinkin
17
, S A Bysiak
74
, J C Cabanillas Noris
58
, M Cai
14
, H Caines
35
, A Caliva
75
, E Calvo Villar
55
, J M M Camacho
58
, P Camerini
70
, F D M Canedo
33
, S L Cantway
35
, M Carabas
76
, A A Carballo
3
, F Carnesecchi
3
, R Caron
77
, L A D Carvalho
33
, J Castillo Castellanos
43
, F Catalano
4
3
, S Cattaruzzi
70
, C Ceballos Sanchez
53
, R Cerri
4
, I Chakaberia
29
, P Chakraborty
54
, S Chandra
7
, S Chapeland
3
, M Chartier
51
, S Chattopadhyay
7
, S Chattopadhyay
78
, T Cheng
14
12
, C Cheshkov
77
, V Chibante Barroso
3
, D D Chinellato
79
, E S Chizzali
21
, J Cho
80
, S Cho
80
, P Chochula
3
, D Choudhury
48
, P Christakoglou
81
, C H Christensen
56
, P Christiansen
52
, T Chujo
82
, M Ciacco
5
, C Cicalo
18
, M R Ciupek
12
, G Clai
28
, F Colamaria
20
, J S Colburn
83
, D Colella
46
69
, M Colocci
6
, M Concas
3
, G Conesa Balbastre
31
, Z Conesa Del Valle
84
, G Contin
70
, J G Contreras
61
, M L Coquet
43
, P Cortese
13
85
, M R Cosentino
86
, F Costa
3
, S Costanza
64
65
, C Cot
84
, J Crkovská
26
, P Crochet
1
, R Cruz-Torres
29
, P Cui
14
, A Dainese
27
, M C Danisch
26
, A Danu
59
, P Das
87
, P Das
45
, S Das
45
, A R Dash
25
, S Dash
54
, A De Caro
75
, G de Cataldo
20
, J de Cuveland
63
, A De Falco
32
, D De Gruttola
75
, N De Marco
13
, C De Martin
70
, S De Pasquale
75
, R Deb
68
, R Del Grande
21
, L Dello Stritto
75
3
, W Deng
14
, P Dhankher
88
, D Di Bari
46
, A Di Mauro
3
, B Diab
43
, R A Diaz
89
53
, T Dietel
90
, Y Ding
14
, J Ditzel
19
, R Divià
3
, D U Dixit
88
, Ø Djuvsland
17
, U Dmitrieva
11
, A Dobrin
59
, B Dönigus
19
, J M Dubinski
91
, A Dubla
12
, S Dudi
92
, P Dupieux
1
, M Durkac
93
, N Dzalaiova
94
, T M Eder
25
, R J Ehlers
29
, F Eisenhut
19
, R Ejima
95
, D Elia
20
, B Erazmus
30
, F Ercolessi
6
, B Espagnon
84
, G Eulisse
3
, D Evans
83
, S Evdokimov
11
, L Fabbietti
21
, M Faggin
96
, J Faivre
31
, F Fan
14
, W Fan
29
, A Fantoni
60
, M Fasel
66
, A Feliciello
13
, G Feofilov
11
, A Fernández Téllez
22
, L Ferrandi
33
, M B Ferrer
3
, A Ferrero
43
, C Ferrero
13
, A Ferretti
4
, V J G Feuillard
26
, V Filova
61
, D Finogeev
11
, F M Fionda
18
, E Flatland
3
, F Flor
16
, A N Flores
62
, S Foertsch
72
, I Fokin
26
, S Fokin
11
, E Fragiacomo
97
, E Frajna
49
, U Fuchs
3
, N Funicello
75
, C Furget
31
, A Furs
11
, T Fusayasu
98
, J J Gaardhøje
56
, M Gagliardi
4
, A M Gago
55
, T Gahlaut
54
, C D Galvan
58
, D R Gangadharan
16
, P Ganoti
47
, C Garabatos
12
, T García Chávez
22
, E Garcia-Solis
99
, C Gargiulo
3
, P Gasik
12
, A Gautam
100
, M B Gay Ducati
101
, M Germain
30
, A Ghimouz
82
, C Ghosh
7
, M Giacalone
28
, G Gioachin
5
, P Giubellino
13
12
, P Giubilato
96
, A M C Glaenzer
43
, P Glässel
26
, E Glimos
102
, D J Q Goh
103
, V Gonzalez
104
, P Gordeev
11
, M Gorgon
44
, K Goswami
41
, S Gotovac
105
, V Grabski
15
, L K Graczykowski
91
, E Grecka
2
, A Grelli
106
, C Grigoras
3
, V Grigoriev
11
, S Grigoryan
107
53
, F Grosa
3
, J F Grosse-Oetringhaus
3
, R Grosso
12
, D Grund
61
, N A Grunwald
26
, G G Guardiano
79
, R Guernane
31
, M Guilbaud
30
, K Gulbrandsen
56
, T Gündem
19
, T Gunji
36
, W Guo
14
, A Gupta
42
, R Gupta
42
, R Gupta
41
, K Gwizdziel
91
, L Gyulai
49
, C Hadjidakis
84
, F U Haider
42
, S Haidlova
61
, M Haldar
45
, H Hamagaki
103
, A Hamdi
29
, Y Han
108
, B G Hanley
104
, R Hannigan
62
, J Hansen
52
, J W Harris
35
, A Harton
99
, M V Hartung
19
, H Hassan
109
, D Hatzifotiadou
28
, P Hauer
110
, L B Havener
35
, E Hellbär
12
, H Helstrup
111
, M Hemmer
19
, T Herman
61
, G Herrera Corral
112
, F Herrmann
25
, S Herrmann
77
, K F Hetland
111
, B Heybeck
19
, H Hillemanns
3
, B Hippolyte
57
, F W Hoffmann
113
, B Hofman
106
, G H Hong
108
, M Horst
21
, A Horzyk
44
, Y Hou
14
, P Hristov
3
, P Huhn
19
, L M Huhta
109
, T J Humanic
114
, A Hutson
16
, D Hutter
63
, M C Hwang
88
, R Ilkaev
11
, H Ilyas
115
, M Inaba
82
, G M Innocenti
3
, M Ippolitov
11
, A Isakov
81
, T Isidori
100
, M S Islam
78
, M Ivanov
12
, M Ivanov
94
, V Ivanov
11
, K E Iversen
52
, M Jablonski
44
, B Jacak
88
29
, N Jacazio
6
, P M Jacobs
29
, S Jadlovska
93
, J Jadlovsky
93
, S Jaelani
116
, C Jahnke
33
, M J Jakubowska
91
, M A Janik
91
, T Janson
113
, S Ji
67
, S Jia
117
, A A P Jimenez
118
, F Jonas
29
66
25
, D M Jones
51
, J M Jowett
3
12
, J Jung
19
, M Jung
19
, A Junique
3
, A Jusko
83
, J Kaewjai
119
, P Kalinak
120
, A S Kalteyer
12
, A Kalweit
3
, A Karasu Uysal
121
, D Karatovic
122
, O Karavichev
11
, T Karavicheva
11
, P Karczmarczyk
91
, E Karpechev
11
, M J Karwowska
3
91
, U Kebschull
113
, R Keidel
123
, D L D Keijdener
106
, M Keil
3
, B Ketzer
110
, S S Khade
41
, A M Khan
40
, S Khan
8
, A Khanzadeev
11
, Y Kharlov
11
, A Khatun
100
, A Khuntia
61
, Z Khuranova
19
, B Kileng
111
, B Kim
38
, C Kim
67
, D J Kim
109
, E J Kim
124
, J Kim
108
, J Kim
80
, J Kim
124
, M Kim
88
, S Kim
125
, T Kim
108
, K Kimura
95
, S Kirsch
19
, I Kisel
63
, S Kiselev
11
, A Kisiel
91
, J P Kitowski
44
, J L Klay
126
, J Klein
3
, S Klein
29
, C Klein-Bösing
25
, M Kleiner
19
, T Klemenz
21
, A Kluge
3
, C Kobdaj
119
, T Kollegger
12
, A Kondratyev
53
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11
, J Konig
19
, S A Konigstorfer
21
, P J Konopka
3
, G Kornakov
91
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21
, S D Koryciak
44
, A Kotliarov
2
, N Kovacic
122
, V Kovalenko
11
, M Kowalski
74
, V Kozhuharov
127
, I Králik
120
, A Kravčáková
10
, L Krcal
3
63
, M Krivda
120
83
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2
, K Krizkova Gajdosova
3
, M Kroesen
26
, M Krüger
19
, D M Krupova
61
, E Kryshen
11
, V Kučera
80
, C Kuhn
57
, P G Kuijer
81
, T Kumaoka
82
, D Kumar
7
, L Kumar
92
, N Kumar
92
, S Kumar
46
, S Kundu
3
, P Kurashvili
128
, A Kurepin
11
, A B Kurepin
11
, A Kuryakin
11
, S Kushpil
2
, V Kuskov
11
, M Kutyla
91
, M J Kweon
80
, Y Kwon
108
, S L La Pointe
63
, P La Rocca
129
, A Lakrathok
119
, M Lamanna
3
, A R Landou
31
, R Langoy
130
, P Larionov
3
, E Laudi
3
, L Lautner
3
21
, R Lavicka
71
, R Lea
65
68
, H Lee
38
, I Legrand
23
, G Legras
25
, J Lehrbach
63
, T M Lelek
44
, R C Lemmon
50
, I León Monzón
58
, M M Lesch
21
, E D Lesser
88
, P Lévai
49
, X Li
117
, B E Liang-Gilman
88
, J Lien
130
, R Lietava
83
, I Likmeta
16
, B Lim
4
, S H Lim
67
, V Lindenstruth
63
, A Lindner
23
, C Lippmann
12
, D H Liu
14
, J Liu
51
, G S S Liveraro
79
, I M Lofnes
17
, C Loizides
66
, S Lokos
74
, J Lömker
106
, P Loncar
105
, X Lopez
1
, E López Torres
89
, P Lu
12
40
, F V Lugo
15
, J R Luhder
25
, M Lunardon
96
, G Luparello
97
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131
, M Mager
3
, A Maire
57
, E M Majerz
44
, M V Makariev
127
, M Malaev
11
, G Malfattore
6
, N M Malik
42
, Q W Malik
34
, S K Malik
42
, L Malinina
53
, D Mallick
84
, N Mallick
41
, G Mandaglio
132
37
, S K Mandal
128
, V Manko
11
, F Manso
1
, V Manzari
20
, Y Mao
14
, R W Marcjan
44
, G V Margagliotti
70
, A Margotti
28
, A Marín
12
, C Markert
62
, P Martinengo
3
, M I Martínez
22
, G Martínez García
30
, M P P Martins
33
, S Masciocchi
12
, M Masera
4
, A Masoni
18
, L Massacrier
84
, O Massen
106
, A Mastroserio
20
133
, O Matonoha
52
, S Mattiazzo
96
, A Matyja
74
, C Mayer
74
, A L Mazuecos
3
, F Mazzaschi
4
, M Mazzilli
3
, J E Mdhluli
73
, Y Melikyan
134
, A Menchaca-Rocha
15
, J E M Mendez
118
, E Meninno
71
, A S Menon
16
, M Meres
94
, Y Miake
82
, L Micheletti
3
, D L Mihaylov
21
, K Mikhaylov
11
53
, D Miśkowiec
12
, A Modak
45
, B Mohanty
87
, M Mohisin Khan
8
, M A Molander
134
, S Monira
91
, C Mordasini
109
, D A Moreira De Godoy
25
, I Morozov
11
, A Morsch
3
, T Mrnjavac
3
, V Muccifora
60
, S Muhuri
7
, J D Mulligan
29
, A Mulliri
32
, M G Munhoz
33
, R H Munzer
19
, H Murakami
36
, S Murray
90
, L Musa
3
, J Musinsky
120
, J W Myrcha
91
, B Naik
73
, A I Nambrath
88
, B K Nandi
54
, R Nania
28
, E Nappi
20
, A F Nassirpour
125
, A Nath
26
, C Nattrass
102
, M N Naydenov
127
, A Neagu
34
, A Negru
76
, E Nekrasova
11
, L Nellen
118
, R Nepeivoda
52
, S Nese
34
, G Neskovic
63
, N Nicassio
20
, B S Nielsen
56
, E G Nielsen
56
, S Nikolaev
11
, S Nikulin
11
, V Nikulin
11
, F Noferini
28
, S Noh
135
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53
, J Norman
51
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66
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91
, A Nyanin
11
, J Nystrand
17
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125
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52
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11
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91
, A Onnerstad
109
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13
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118
, J Otwinowski
74
, M Oya
95
, K Oyama
103
, Y Pachmayer
26
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54
, D Pagano
65
68
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118
, S Paisano-Guzmán
22
, A Palasciano
20
, S Panebianco
43
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82
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38
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80
, J E Parkkila
3
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54
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32
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33
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14
, T Peitzmann
106
, X Peng
136
, M Pennisi
4
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4
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11
, G M Perez
89
, Y Pestov
11
, V Petrov
11
, M Petrovici
23
, R P Pezzi
101
30
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97
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94
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30
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3
28
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16
, C Pinto
21
, S Pisano
60
, M Płoskoń
29
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122
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19
, M G Poghosyan
66
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11
, S Politano
5
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122
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23
, S Porteboeuf-Houssais
1
, V Pozdniakov
53
, I Y Pozos
22
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41
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45
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41
, R Preghenella
28
, F Prino
13
, C A Pruneau
104
, I Pshenichnov
11
, M Puccio
3
, S Pucillo
4
, Z Pugelova
93
, S Qiu
81
, L Quaglia
4
, S Ragoni
137
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35
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43
, L Ramello
13
85
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57
, T A Rancien
31
, M Rasa
129
, S S Räsänen
134
, R Rath
28
, M P Rauch
17
, I Ravasenga
3
, K F Read
66
102
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86
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63
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128
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12
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22
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17
, F Reidt
3
, H A Reme-Ness
111
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10
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26
, A Riabov
11
, V Riabov
11
, R Ricci
75
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34
, A A Riedel
21
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3
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4
, C Ristea
59
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3
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22
, S A Rodríguez Ramírez
22
, K Røed
34
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11
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53
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19
, D Rohr
3
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17
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22
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61
, P S Rokita
91
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6
, F Ronchetti
60
, A Rosano
132
37
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118
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91
, A Rossi
27
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41
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54
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6
, D Ruggiano
91
, R Rui
70
, P G Russek
44
, R Russo
81
, A Rustamov
138
, E Ryabinkin
11
, Y Ryabov
11
, A Rybicki
74
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109
, J Ryu
67
, W Rzesa
91
, O A M Saarimaki
134
, S Sadhu
46
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11
, J Saetre
17
, K Šafařík
61
, P Saha
48
, S K Saha
45
, S Saha
87
, B Sahoo
41
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41
, S Sahoo
139
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41
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139
, J Saini
7
, K Sajdakova
10
, S Sakai
82
, M P Salvan
12
, S Sambyal
42
, D Samitz
71
, I Sanna
3
21
, T B Saramela
33
, D Sarkar
56
, P Sarma
48
, V Sarritzu
32
, V M Sarti
21
, M H P Sas
3
, S Sawan
87
, E Scapparone
28
, J Schambach
66
, H S Scheid
19
, C Schiaua
23
, R Schicker
26
, F Schlepper
26
, A Schmah
12
, C Schmidt
12
, H R Schmidt
140
, M O Schmidt
3
, M Schmidt
140
, N V Schmidt
66
, A R Schmier
102
, R Schotter
57
, A Schröter
63
, J Schukraft
3
, K Schweda
12
, G Scioli
6
, E Scomparin
13
, J E Seger
137
, Y Sekiguchi
36
, D Sekihata
36
, M Selina
81
, I Selyuzhenkov
12
, S Senyukov
57
, J J Seo
26
, D Serebryakov
11
, L Serkin
118
, L Šerkšnytė
21
, A Sevcenco
59
, T J Shaba
72
, A Shabetai
30
, R Shahoyan
3
, A Shangaraev
11
, B Sharma
42
, D Sharma
54
, H Sharma
27
, M Sharma
42
, S Sharma
103
, S Sharma
42
, U Sharma
42
, A Shatat
84
, O Sheibani
16
, K Shigaki
95
, M Shimomura
141
, J Shin
135
, S Shirinkin
11
, Q Shou
131
, Y Sibiriak
11
, S Siddhanta
18
, T Siemiarczuk
128
, T F Silva
33
, D Silvermyr
52
, T Simantathammakul
119
, R Simeonov
127
, B Singh
42
, B Singh
21
, K Singh
41
, R Singh
87
, R Singh
42
, R Singh
41
12
, S Singh
8
, V K Singh
7
, V Singhal
7
, T Sinha
78
, B Sitar
94
, M Sitta
13
85
, T B Skaali
34
, G Skorodumovs
26
, M Slupecki
134
, N Smirnov
35
, R J M Snellings
106
, E H Solheim
34
, J Song
67
, C Sonnabend
3
12
, J M Sonneveld
81
, F Soramel
96
, A B Soto-Hernandez
114
, R Spijkers
81
, I Sputowska
74
, J Staa
52
, J Stachel
26
, I Stan
59
, P J Steffanic
102
, S F Stiefelmaier
26
, D Stocco
30
, I Storehaug
34
, P Stratmann
25
, S Strazzi
6
, A Sturniolo
132
37
, C P Stylianidis
81
, A A P Suaide
33
, C Suire
84
, M Sukhanov
11
, M Suljic
3
, R Sultanov
11
, V Sumberia
42
, S Sumowidagdo
116
, I Szarka
94
, M Szymkowski
91
, S F Taghavi
21
, G Taillepied
12
, J Takahashi
79
, G J Tambave
87
, S Tang
14
, Z Tang
40
, J D Tapia Takaki
100
, N Tapus
76
, L A Tarasovicova
25
, M G Tarzila
23
, G F Tassielli
46
, A Tauro
3
, A Tavira García
84
, G Tejeda Muñoz
22
, A Telesca
3
, L Terlizzi
4
, C Terrevoli
16
, S Thakur
45
, D Thomas
62
, A Tikhonov
11
, N Tiltmann
3
25
, A R Timmins
16
, M Tkacik
93
, T Tkacik
93
, A Toia
19
, R Tokumoto
95
, K Tomohiro
95
, N Topilskaya
11
, M Toppi
60
, T Tork
84
, V V Torres
30
, A G Torres Ramos
46
, A Trifiró
132
37
, A S Triolo
132
3
37
, S Tripathy
28
, T Tripathy
54
, S Trogolo
3
, V Trubnikov
142
, W H Trzaska
109
, T P Trzcinski
91
, A Tumkin
11
, R Turrisi
27
, T S Tveter
34
, K Ullaland
17
, B Ulukutlu
21
, A Uras
77
, M Urioni
68
, G L Usai
32
, M Vala
10
, N Valle
64
, L V R van Doremalen
106
, M van Leeuwen
81
, C A van Veen
26
, R J G van Weelden
81
, P Vande Vyvre
3
, D Varga
49
, Z Varga
49
, P Vargas Torres
118
, M Vasileiou
47
, A Vasiliev
11
, O Vázquez Doce
60
, O Vazquez Rueda
16
, V Vechernin
11
, E Vercellin
4
, S Vergara Limón
22
, R Verma
54
, L Vermunt
12
, R Vértesi
49
, M Verweij
106
, L Vickovic
105
, Z Vilakazi
73
, O Villalobos Baillie
83
, A Villani
70
, A Vinogradov
11
, T Virgili
75
, M M O Virta
109
, V Vislavicius
52
, A Vodopyanov
53
, B Volkel
3
, M A Völkl
26
, S A Voloshin
104
, G Volpe
46
, B von Haller
3
, I Vorobyev
3
, N Vozniuk
11
, J Vrláková
10
, J Wan
131
, C Wang
131
, D Wang
131
, Y Wang
131
, Y Wang
14
, A Wegrzynek
3
, F T Weiglhofer
63
, S C Wenzel
3
, J P Wessels
25
, J Wiechula
19
, J Wikne
34
, G Wilk
128
, J Wilkinson
12
, G A Willems
25
, B Windelband
26
, M Winn
43
, J R Wright
62
, W Wu
131
, Y Wu
40
, Z Xiong
40
, R Xu
14
, A Yadav
110
, A K Yadav
7
, S Yalcin
121
, Y Yamaguchi
95
, S Yang
17
, S Yano
95
, E R Yeats
88
, Z Yin
14
, I-K Yoo
67
, J H Yoon
80
, H Yu
135
, S Yuan
17
, A Yuncu
26
, V Zaccolo
70
, C Zampolli
3
, F Zanone
26
, N Zardoshti
3
, A Zarochentsev
11
, P Závada
143
, N Zaviyalov
11
, M Zhalov
11
, B Zhang
14
, C Zhang
43
, L Zhang
131
, M Zhang
14
, S Zhang
131
, X Zhang
14
, Y Zhang
40
, Z Zhang
14
, M Zhao
117
, V Zherebchevskii
11
, Y Zhi
117
, C Zhong
131
, D Zhou
14
, Y Zhou
56
, J Zhu
14
27
, Y Zhu
14
, S C Zugravel
13
, N Zurlo
65
68
; ALICE Collaboration
Affiliations
Affiliations
- 1 Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- 2 Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Husinec-Řež, Czech Republic.
- 3 European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland.
- 4 Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy.
- 5 Dipartimento DISAT del Politecnico and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy.
- 6 Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy.
- 7 Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata, India.
- 8 Department of Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.
- 9 Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
- 10 Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovak Republic.
- 11 Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN.
- 12 Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany.
- 13 INFN, Sezione di Torino, Turin, Italy.
- 14 Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China.
- 15 Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
- 16 University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
- 17 Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
- 18 INFN, Sezione di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
- 19 Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
- 20 INFN, Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy.
- 21 Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
- 22 High Energy Physics Group, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico.
- 23 Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania.
- 24 University of Derby, Derby, United Kingdom.
- 25 Universität Münster, Institut für Kernphysik, Munster, Germany.
- 26 Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
- 27 INFN, Sezione di Padova, Padova, Italy.
- 28 INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
- 29 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA.
- 30 SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, Nantes Université, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France.
- 31 Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS-IN2P3, Grenoble, France.
- 32 Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Cagliari, Italy.
- 33 Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil.
- 34 Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- 35 Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
- 36 University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
- 37 INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy.
- 38 Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City, Republic of Korea.
- 39 Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea.
- 40 University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
- 41 Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India.
- 42 Physics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, India.
- 43 Université Paris-Saclay, Centre d'Etudes de Saclay (CEA), IRFU, Départment de Physique Nucléaire (DPhN), Saclay, France.
- 44 AGH University of Krakow, Cracow, Poland.
- 45 Bose Institute, Department of Physics and Centre for Astroparticle Physics and Space Science (CAPSS), Kolkata, India.
- 46 Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica 'M. Merlin' and Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy.
- 47 National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Science, Department of Physics, Athens, Greece.
- 48 Gauhati University, Department of Physics, Guwahati, India.
- 49 HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary.
- 50 Nuclear Physics Group, STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, United Kingdom.
- 51 University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
- 52 Lund University Department of Physics, Division of Particle Physics, Lund, Sweden.
- 53 Affiliated with an international laboratory covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN.
- 54 Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT), Mumbai, India.
- 55 Sección Física, Departamento de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru.
- 56 Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- 57 Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France, Strasbourg, France.
- 58 Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico.
- 59 Institute of Space Science (ISS), Bucharest, Romania.
- 60 INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy.
- 61 Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
- 62 The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA.
- 63 Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
- 64 Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
- 65 INFN, Sezione di Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
- 66 Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA.
- 67 Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Pusan, Republic of Korea.
- 68 Università di Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
- 69 Politecnico di Bari and Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy.
- 70 Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Trieste, Italy.
- 71 Stefan Meyer Institut für Subatomare Physik (SMI), Vienna, Austria.
- 72 iThemba LABS, National Research Foundation, Somerset West, South Africa.
- 73 University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
- 74 The Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland.
- 75 Dipartimento di Fisica 'E.R. Caianiello' dell'Università and Gruppo Collegato INFN, Salerno, Italy.
- 76 Universitatea Nationala de Stiinta si Tehnologie Politehnica Bucuresti, Bucharest, Romania.
- 77 Université de Lyon, CNRS/IN2P3, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, Lyon, France.
- 78 Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata, India.
- 79 Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil.
- 80 Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
- 81 Nikhef, National institute for subatomic physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- 82 University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
- 83 School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
- 84 Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France.
- 85 Università del Piemonte Orientale, Vercelli, Italy.
- 86 Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo Andre, Brazil.
- 87 National Institute of Science Education and Research, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Jatni, India.
- 88 Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.
- 89 Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnológicas y Desarrollo Nuclear (CEADEN), Havana, Cuba.
- 90 University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
- 91 Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland.
- 92 Physics Department, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
- 93 Technical University of Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic.
- 94 Comenius University Bratislava, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
- 95 Physics Program and International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (SKCM2), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
- 96 Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Padova, Italy.
- 97 INFN, Sezione di Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
- 98 Saga University, Saga, Japan.
- 99 Chicago State University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
- 100 University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA.
- 101 Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
- 102 University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA.
- 103 Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science, Nagasaki, Japan.
- 104 Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
- 105 Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Split, Split, Croatia.
- 106 Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University/Nikhef, Utrecht, Netherlands.
- 107 A.I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute) Foundation, Yerevan, Armenia.
- 108 Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- 109 University of Jyväskylä, Jyvaskyla, Finland.
- 110 Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen- und Kernphysik, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
- 111 Faculty of Engineering and Science, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway.
- 112 Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV), Mexico City and Mérida, Mexico.
- 113 Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe Universität Frankfurt Institut für Informatik, Fachbereich Informatik und Mathematik, Frankfurt, Germany.
- 114 Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
- 115 COMSATS University Islamabad, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
- 116 National Research and Innovation Agency - BRIN, Jakarta, Indonesia.
- 117 China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing, China.
- 118 Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
- 119 Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand.
- 120 Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic.
- 121 KTO Karatay University, Konya, Turkey.
- 122 Physics department, Faculty of science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
- 123 Zentrum für Technologie und Transfer (ZTT), Worms, Germany.
- 124 Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.
- 125 Department of Physics, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- 126 California Polytechnic State University, California, USA.
- 127 Faculty of Physics, Sofia University, Sofia, Bulgaria.
- 128 National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, Poland.
- 129 Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy.
- 130 University of South-Eastern Norway, Kongsberg, Norway.
- 131 Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- 132 Dipartimento di Scienze MIFT, Università di Messina, Messina, Italy.
- 133 Università degli Studi di Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
- 134 Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP), Helsinki, Finland.
- 135 Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.
- 136 China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China.
- 137 Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.
- 138 National Nuclear Research Center, Baku, Azerbaijan.
- 139 Institute of Physics, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar, India.
- 140 Physikalisches Institut, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tubingen, Germany.
- 141 Nara Women's University (NWU), Nara, Japan.
- 142 Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine.
- 143 Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
- PMID: 39270180
- DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.133.092301
Item in Clipboard
Measurements of Chemical Potentials in Pb-Pb Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV
S Acharya et al.
Phys Rev Lett.
.
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Format
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.133.092301.
Authors
S Acharya
1
, D Adamová
2
, G Aglieri Rinella
3
, L Aglietta
4
, M Agnello
5
, N Agrawal
6
, Z Ahammed
7
, S Ahmad
8
, S U Ahn
9
, I Ahuja
10
, A Akindinov
11
, M Al-Turany
12
, D Aleksandrov
11
, B Alessandro
13
, H M Alfanda
14
, R Alfaro Molina
15
, B Ali
8
, A Alici
6
, N Alizadehvandchali
16
, A Alkin
3
, J Alme
17
, G Alocco
18
, T Alt
19
, A R Altamura
20
, I Altsybeev
21
, J R Alvarado
22
, M N Anaam
14
, C Andrei
23
, N Andreou
24
, A Andronic
25
, E Andronov
11
, V Anguelov
26
, F Antinori
27
, P Antonioli
28
, N Apadula
29
, L Aphecetche
30
, H Appelshäuser
19
, C Arata
31
, S Arcelli
6
, M Aresti
32
, R Arnaldi
13
, J G M C A Arneiro
33
, I C Arsene
34
, M Arslandok
35
, A Augustinus
3
, R Averbeck
12
, M D Azmi
8
, H Baba
36
, A Badalà
37
, J Bae
38
, Y W Baek
39
, X Bai
40
, R Bailhache
19
, Y Bailung
41
, R Bala
42
, A Balbino
5
, A Baldisseri
43
, B Balis
44
, D Banerjee
45
, Z Banoo
42
, F Barile
46
, L Barioglio
13
, M Barlou
47
, B Barman
48
, G G Barnaföldi
49
, L S Barnby
50
, E Barreau
30
, V Barret
1
, L Barreto
33
, C Bartels
51
, K Barth
3
, E Bartsch
19
, N Bastid
1
, S Basu
52
, G Batigne
30
, D Battistini
21
, B Batyunya
53
, D Bauri
54
, J L Bazo Alba
55
, I G Bearden
56
, C Beattie
35
, P Becht
12
, D Behera
41
, I Belikov
57
, A D C Bell Hechavarria
25
, F Bellini
6
, R Bellwied
16
, S Belokurova
11
, L G E Beltran
58
, Y A V Beltran
22
, G Bencedi
49
, S Beole
4
, Y Berdnikov
11
, A Berdnikova
26
, L Bergmann
26
, M G Besoiu
59
, L Betev
3
, P P Bhaduri
7
, A Bhasin
42
, M A Bhat
45
, B Bhattacharjee
48
, L Bianchi
4
, N Bianchi
60
, J Bielčík
61
, J Bielčíková
2
, A P Bigot
57
, A Bilandzic
21
, G Biro
49
, S Biswas
45
, N Bize
30
, J T Blair
62
, D Blau
11
, M B Blidaru
12
, N Bluhme
63
, C Blume
19
, G Boca
64
65
, F Bock
66
, T Bodova
17
, S Boi
32
, J Bok
67
, L Boldizsár
49
, M Bombara
10
, P M Bond
3
, G Bonomi
65
68
, H Borel
43
, A Borissov
11
, A G Borquez Carcamo
26
, H Bossi
35
, E Botta
4
, Y E M Bouziani
19
, L Bratrud
19
, P Braun-Munzinger
12
, M Bregant
33
, M Broz
61
, G E Bruno
46
69
, M D Buckland
70
, D Budnikov
11
, H Buesching
19
, S Bufalino
5
, P Buhler
71
, N Burmasov
11
, Z Buthelezi
72
73
, A Bylinkin
17
, S A Bysiak
74
, J C Cabanillas Noris
58
, M Cai
14
, H Caines
35
, A Caliva
75
, E Calvo Villar
55
, J M M Camacho
58
, P Camerini
70
, F D M Canedo
33
, S L Cantway
35
, M Carabas
76
, A A Carballo
3
, F Carnesecchi
3
, R Caron
77
, L A D Carvalho
33
, J Castillo Castellanos
43
, F Catalano
4
3
, S Cattaruzzi
70
, C Ceballos Sanchez
53
, R Cerri
4
, I Chakaberia
29
, P Chakraborty
54
, S Chandra
7
, S Chapeland
3
, M Chartier
51
, S Chattopadhyay
7
, S Chattopadhyay
78
, T Cheng
14
12
, C Cheshkov
77
, V Chibante Barroso
3
, D D Chinellato
79
, E S Chizzali
21
, J Cho
80
, S Cho
80
, P Chochula
3
, D Choudhury
48
, P Christakoglou
81
, C H Christensen
56
, P Christiansen
52
, T Chujo
82
, M Ciacco
5
, C Cicalo
18
, M R Ciupek
12
, G Clai
28
, F Colamaria
20
, J S Colburn
83
, D Colella
46
69
, M Colocci
6
, M Concas
3
, G Conesa Balbastre
31
, Z Conesa Del Valle
84
, G Contin
70
, J G Contreras
61
, M L Coquet
43
, P Cortese
13
85
, M R Cosentino
86
, F Costa
3
, S Costanza
64
65
, C Cot
84
, J Crkovská
26
, P Crochet
1
, R Cruz-Torres
29
, P Cui
14
, A Dainese
27
, M C Danisch
26
, A Danu
59
, P Das
87
, P Das
45
, S Das
45
, A R Dash
25
, S Dash
54
, A De Caro
75
, G de Cataldo
20
, J de Cuveland
63
, A De Falco
32
, D De Gruttola
75
, N De Marco
13
, C De Martin
70
, S De Pasquale
75
, R Deb
68
, R Del Grande
21
, L Dello Stritto
75
3
, W Deng
14
, P Dhankher
88
, D Di Bari
46
, A Di Mauro
3
, B Diab
43
, R A Diaz
89
53
, T Dietel
90
, Y Ding
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11
, B Zhang
14
, C Zhang
43
, L Zhang
131
, M Zhang
14
, S Zhang
131
, X Zhang
14
, Y Zhang
40
, Z Zhang
14
, M Zhao
117
, V Zherebchevskii
11
, Y Zhi
117
, C Zhong
131
, D Zhou
14
, Y Zhou
56
, J Zhu
14
27
, Y Zhu
14
, S C Zugravel
13
, N Zurlo
65
68
; ALICE Collaboration
Affiliations
- 1 Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- 2 Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Husinec-Řež, Czech Republic.
- 3 European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland.
- 4 Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy.
- 5 Dipartimento DISAT del Politecnico and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy.
- 6 Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy.
- 7 Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata, India.
- 8 Department of Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.
- 9 Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
- 10 Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovak Republic.
- 11 Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN.
- 12 Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany.
- 13 INFN, Sezione di Torino, Turin, Italy.
- 14 Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China.
- 15 Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
- 16 University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
- 17 Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
- 18 INFN, Sezione di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
- 19 Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
- 20 INFN, Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy.
- 21 Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
- 22 High Energy Physics Group, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico.
- 23 Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania.
- 24 University of Derby, Derby, United Kingdom.
- 25 Universität Münster, Institut für Kernphysik, Munster, Germany.
- 26 Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
- 27 INFN, Sezione di Padova, Padova, Italy.
- 28 INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
- 29 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA.
- 30 SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, Nantes Université, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France.
- 31 Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS-IN2P3, Grenoble, France.
- 32 Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Cagliari, Italy.
- 33 Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil.
- 34 Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- 35 Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
- 36 University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
- 37 INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy.
- 38 Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City, Republic of Korea.
- 39 Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea.
- 40 University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
- 41 Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India.
- 42 Physics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, India.
- 43 Université Paris-Saclay, Centre d'Etudes de Saclay (CEA), IRFU, Départment de Physique Nucléaire (DPhN), Saclay, France.
- 44 AGH University of Krakow, Cracow, Poland.
- 45 Bose Institute, Department of Physics and Centre for Astroparticle Physics and Space Science (CAPSS), Kolkata, India.
- 46 Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica 'M. Merlin' and Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy.
- 47 National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Science, Department of Physics, Athens, Greece.
- 48 Gauhati University, Department of Physics, Guwahati, India.
- 49 HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary.
- 50 Nuclear Physics Group, STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, United Kingdom.
- 51 University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
- 52 Lund University Department of Physics, Division of Particle Physics, Lund, Sweden.
- 53 Affiliated with an international laboratory covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN.
- 54 Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT), Mumbai, India.
- 55 Sección Física, Departamento de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru.
- 56 Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- 57 Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France, Strasbourg, France.
- 58 Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico.
- 59 Institute of Space Science (ISS), Bucharest, Romania.
- 60 INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy.
- 61 Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
- 62 The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA.
- 63 Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
- 64 Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
- 65 INFN, Sezione di Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
- 66 Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA.
- 67 Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Pusan, Republic of Korea.
- 68 Università di Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
- 69 Politecnico di Bari and Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy.
- 70 Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Trieste, Italy.
- 71 Stefan Meyer Institut für Subatomare Physik (SMI), Vienna, Austria.
- 72 iThemba LABS, National Research Foundation, Somerset West, South Africa.
- 73 University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
- 74 The Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland.
- 75 Dipartimento di Fisica 'E.R. Caianiello' dell'Università and Gruppo Collegato INFN, Salerno, Italy.
- 76 Universitatea Nationala de Stiinta si Tehnologie Politehnica Bucuresti, Bucharest, Romania.
- 77 Université de Lyon, CNRS/IN2P3, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, Lyon, France.
- 78 Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata, India.
- 79 Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil.
- 80 Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
- 81 Nikhef, National institute for subatomic physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- 82 University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
- 83 School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
- 84 Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France.
- 85 Università del Piemonte Orientale, Vercelli, Italy.
- 86 Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo Andre, Brazil.
- 87 National Institute of Science Education and Research, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Jatni, India.
- 88 Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.
- 89 Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnológicas y Desarrollo Nuclear (CEADEN), Havana, Cuba.
- 90 University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
- 91 Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland.
- 92 Physics Department, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
- 93 Technical University of Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic.
- 94 Comenius University Bratislava, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
- 95 Physics Program and International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (SKCM2), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
- 96 Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Padova, Italy.
- 97 INFN, Sezione di Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
- 98 Saga University, Saga, Japan.
- 99 Chicago State University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
- 100 University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA.
- 101 Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
- 102 University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA.
- 103 Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science, Nagasaki, Japan.
- 104 Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
- 105 Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Split, Split, Croatia.
- 106 Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University/Nikhef, Utrecht, Netherlands.
- 107 A.I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute) Foundation, Yerevan, Armenia.
- 108 Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- 109 University of Jyväskylä, Jyvaskyla, Finland.
- 110 Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen- und Kernphysik, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
- 111 Faculty of Engineering and Science, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway.
- 112 Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV), Mexico City and Mérida, Mexico.
- 113 Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe Universität Frankfurt Institut für Informatik, Fachbereich Informatik und Mathematik, Frankfurt, Germany.
- 114 Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
- 115 COMSATS University Islamabad, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
- 116 National Research and Innovation Agency - BRIN, Jakarta, Indonesia.
- 117 China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing, China.
- 118 Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
- 119 Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand.
- 120 Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic.
- 121 KTO Karatay University, Konya, Turkey.
- 122 Physics department, Faculty of science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
- 123 Zentrum für Technologie und Transfer (ZTT), Worms, Germany.
- 124 Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.
- 125 Department of Physics, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- 126 California Polytechnic State University, California, USA.
- 127 Faculty of Physics, Sofia University, Sofia, Bulgaria.
- 128 National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, Poland.
- 129 Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy.
- 130 University of South-Eastern Norway, Kongsberg, Norway.
- 131 Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- 132 Dipartimento di Scienze MIFT, Università di Messina, Messina, Italy.
- 133 Università degli Studi di Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
- 134 Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP), Helsinki, Finland.
- 135 Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.
- 136 China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China.
- 137 Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.
- 138 National Nuclear Research Center, Baku, Azerbaijan.
- 139 Institute of Physics, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar, India.
- 140 Physikalisches Institut, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tubingen, Germany.
- 141 Nara Women's University (NWU), Nara, Japan.
- 142 Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine.
- 143 Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
- PMID: 39270180
- DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.133.092301
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Abstract
This Letter presents the most precise measurement to date of the matter-antimatter imbalance at midrapidity in Pb-Pb collisions at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV. Using the Statistical Hadronization framework, it is possible to obtain the value of the electric charge and baryon chemical potentials, μ_{Q}=-0.18±0.90 MeV and μ_{B}=0.71±0.45 MeV, with unprecedented precision. A centrality-differential study of the antiparticle-to-particle yield ratios of charged pions, protons, Ω baryons, and light (hyper)nuclei is performed. These results indicate that the system created in Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC is on average baryon-free and electrically neutral at midrapidity.
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