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Review
. 2024 Aug 27;14(17):2490.
doi: 10.3390/ani14172490.

The Global Rise of ESBL-Producing Escherichia coli in the Livestock Sector: A Five-Year Overview

Antonio Mandujano-Hernández  1 , Ana Verónica Martínez-Vázquez  1 , Alma D Paz-González  1 , Verónica Herrera-Mayorga  2 , Mario Sánchez-Sánchez  3 , Edgar E Lara-Ramírez  1 , Karina Vázquez  4 , Erick de Jesús de Luna-Santillana  1 , Virgilio Bocanegra-García  1 , Gildardo Rivera  1
Affiliations
Review

The Global Rise of ESBL-Producing Escherichia coli in the Livestock Sector: A Five-Year Overview

Antonio Mandujano-Hernández et al. Animals (Basel). .

Abstract

β-lactam antibiotics are a key element in the treatment of bacterial infections. However, the excessive use of these antibiotics has contributed to the emergence of β-lactam-resistant enterobacteria, including Escherichia coli. One of the main challenges facing the public health sector is antibacterial resistance (ABR), mainly due to limited options in its pharmacological treatment. Currently, extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) present an alarming situation, as there is an increase in morbidity and mortality rates, prolonged hospital stays, and increased costs for sanitary supplies, which involve not only humans but also the environment and animals, especially animals destined for food production. This review presents an analysis of the prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli and its distribution in different animal sources throughout the world, providing an understanding of the association with resistance and virulence genes, as well as perceiving the population structure of E. coli.

Keywords: ESBL; Escherichia coli; antimicrobial; livestock; resistance.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The number of deaths and their primary causes in 2019.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Classification of the 72 studies included in this review, which were found in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and additional databases from 2018 to 2023. The colored bars represent the number of studies conducted in different geographic regions around the world.
Figure 3
Figure 3
World map showing the countries with studies on ESBL-E. coli in livestock.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Prevalence of ESBL-E. coli isolates according to their sample source: (a) cattle, (b) pig, (c) sheep, and (d) chicken. Contrasting prevalence of ESBL-E. coli by phenotypic and genotypic methods in 72 studies worldwide during the period from 2018 to 2023.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Prevalence of ESBL-E. coli isolates according to their sample source: (a) cattle, (b) pig, (c) sheep, and (d) chicken. Contrasting prevalence of ESBL-E. coli by phenotypic and genotypic methods in 72 studies worldwide during the period from 2018 to 2023.
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