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. 2024 Aug 25;25(17):9210.
doi: 10.3390/ijms25179210.

Spectroscopic Studies of Lanthanide(III) Complexes with L-Malic Acid in Binary Systems

Michał Zabiszak  1 , Justyna Frymark  1 , Jakub Grajewski  1 , Renata Jastrzab  1
Affiliations

Spectroscopic Studies of Lanthanide(III) Complexes with L-Malic Acid in Binary Systems

Michał Zabiszak et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

Binary systems of lanthanide ions (La, Nd, Gd, Ho, Tb, and Lu) with L-malic acid in molar ratios of 1:1 and 1:2 were studied. This study was carried out in aqueous solutions, and the composition of the formed complexes was confirmed using computer data analysis. The overall stability constants of the complexes and the equilibrium constants of the reaction were determined. The effect of ligand concentration on the composition of the internal coordination sphere of the central atom was observed. Changes in the coordination sphere of lanthanide ions were confirmed by spectroscopic measurements.

Keywords: lanthanide(III) complexes; malic acid; potentiometric measurements; spectroscopy.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Distribution diagram for L-malic acid.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Distribution diagram for the equimolar systems studied: (a) La(III)/L-malic acid; (b) Nd(III)/L-malic acid; (c) Gd(III)/L-malic acid; (d) Tb(III)/L-malic acid; (e) Ho(III)/L-malic acid; (f) and Lu(III)/L-malic acid.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Distribution diagram for the systems studied with excess of L-malic acid: (a) La(III)/L-malic acid; (b) Nd(III)/L-malic acid; (c) Gd(III)/L-malic acid; (d) Tb(III)/L-malic acid; (e) Ho(III)/L-malic acid; and (f) Lu(III)/L-malic acid.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Possible configurations of L-malic acid with lanthanide ions in formed complexes.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Emission spectra of the systems: (a) Tb(III)/L-malic acid (1:1 ratio); (b) Tb(III)/L-malic acid (1:2 ratio).
Figure 6
Figure 6
IR spectra for the equimolar systems studied: (a) La(III)/L-malic acid; (b) Nd(III)/L-malic acid; (c) Gd(III)/L-malic acid; (d) Tb(III)/L-malic acid; (e) Ho(III)/L-malic acid; and (f) Lu(III)/L-malic acid.
Figure 7
Figure 7
IR spectra for the systems studied with excess of L-malic acid: (a) La(III)/L-malic acid; (b) Nd(III)/L-malic acid; (c) Gd(III)/L-malic acid; (d) Tb(III)/L-malic acid; (e) Ho(III)/L-malic acid; and (f) Lu(III)/L-malic acid.
Figure 8
Figure 8
The CD spectra of the 1:1 systems: (a) La/Mal at pH 3.0, 6.3, and 8.9; (b) Ho/Mal at pH 4.3, 6.2, 7.7, and 10.2.
Figure 9
Figure 9
The CD spectra of the 1:2 systems: (a) La/Mal at pH 2.5, 6.3, and 9.2; (b) Ho/Mal at pH 4.4, 6.3, and 8.0.
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