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. 2024 Aug 29;12(17):1721.
doi: 10.3390/healthcare12171721.

Estimation of the Global Disease Burden of Depression and Anxiety between 1990 and 2044: An Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Jinnan Liu  1 , Wei Ning  1   2 , Ning Zhang  3 , Bin Zhu  4 , Ying Mao  1
Affiliations

Estimation of the Global Disease Burden of Depression and Anxiety between 1990 and 2044: An Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Jinnan Liu et al. Healthcare (Basel). .

Abstract

(1) Background: Depression and anxiety are the most common and severe mental disorders. This research estimated the prevalence and disease burden of depression and anxiety from 1990 to 2044. (2) Methods: Data on disease burden, population, and risk factors were identified and gathered from the Global Health Data Exchange database. The time trends, sex and age differences, key factors, and regional variations in and predictions of depression and anxiety were analyzed based on the age-standardized incidence rate, prevalence rate, and DALY rate. (3) Results: Our findings revealed that the burden of depression and anxiety was heavy. Specifically, the age-standardized DALY rate of depression started to decrease compared with trends related to anxiety disorders. Meanwhile, females bear a heavier burden for both depression and anxiety. Seniors and the middle-aged population carry the highest burden regarding mental disorders. Both high- and low-socio-demographic-index countries were found to be high-risk regions for depressive disorders. The disease burden attributed to childhood sexual abuse, bullying victimization, and intimate partner violence has increased since 1990. Finally, projections regarding depression and anxiety revealed geographic and age variations. (4) Conclusions: Public health researchers, officers, and organizations should take effective age-, sex-, and location-oriented measures.

Keywords: anxiety; depression; disease burden; prediction; risk factor.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Temporal and spatial distribution of ASIR, ASPR, and age-standardized DALY rates of depressive and anxiety disorders (per 100,000). ((A). The temporal and spatial distribution of ASIR of depressive disorders; (B). The temporal and spatial distribution of ASPR of depressive disorders; (C). The temporal and spatial distribution of age-standardized DALY rates of depressive disorders; (D). The temporal and spatial distribution of ASIR of anxiety disorders; (E). The temporal and spatial distribution of ASPR of anxiety disorders; (F). The temporal and spatial distribution of age-standardized DALY rates of anxiety disorders).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Age-standardized DALY rate for depression and anxiety from 1990 to 2019 based on sex, age group, and region (per 100,000).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Age-standardized DALY rates for depression and anxiety regionally according to SDI, 1990–2019 (per 100,000).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Age-standardized DALY rate attributed to various risk factors based on age and sex group in 2019.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Global incidence of depression and anxiety projections for age groups, 2020–2044 (per 100,000).
Figure 6
Figure 6
ASIR for depression and anxiety projections in all countries and trends of major economies (per 100,000). ((A). ASIR for depression projections in all countries and trends of major economies; (B). ASIR for anxiety projections in all countries and trends of major economies).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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