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. 2024 Aug 23;16(17):2393.
doi: 10.3390/polym16172393.

Bio-Composite Films Based on Carboxymethyl Chitosan Incorporated with Calcium Oxide: Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity

Sarinthip Thanakkasaranee  1   2 , Pornchai Rachtanapun  1   2 , Chitsiri Rachtanapun  3   4 , Thidarat Kanthiya  1   5 , Gopinath Kasi  1 , Sarana Rose Sommano  2   6 , Kittisak Jantanasakulwong  1   2 , Jongchul Seo  7
Affiliations

Bio-Composite Films Based on Carboxymethyl Chitosan Incorporated with Calcium Oxide: Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity

Sarinthip Thanakkasaranee et al. Polymers (Basel). .

Abstract

The utilization of biopolymers incorporated with antimicrobial agents is extremely interesting in the development of environmentally friendly functional materials for food packaging and other applications. In this study, the effect of calcium oxide (CaO) on the morphological, mechanical, thermal, and hydrophilic properties as well as the antimicrobial activity of carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCH) bio-composite films was investigated. The CMCH was synthesized from shrimp chitosan through carboxymethylation, whereas the CaO was synthesized via a co-precipitation method with polyethylene glycol as a stabilizer. The CMCH-CaO bio-composite films were prepared by the addition of synthesized CaO into the synthesized CMCH using a facile solution casting method. As confirmed by XRD and SEM, the synthesized CaO has a cubic shape, with an average crystalline size of 25.84 nm. The synthesized CaO exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) (>99.9% R). The addition of CaO into CMCH improved the mechanical and hydrophobic properties of the CMCH-CaO films. However, it resulted in a slight decrease in thermal stability. Notably, the CMCH-CaO10% films exhibited exceptional antimicrobial activity against E. coli (98.8% R) and S. aureus (91.8% R). As a result, such bio-composite films can be applied as an active packaging material for fruit, vegetable, or meat products.

Keywords: active packaging film; antimicrobial activity; calcium oxide (CaO); carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCH); carboxymethylation; co-precipitation; hydrophilicity; polyethylene glycol; synthesis.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Schematic illustration of N,O-CMCH synthesis.
Figure 2
Figure 2
FT-IR spectra: (a) Chitosan and synthesized CMCH, and (b) Ca(OH)2 and synthesized CaO.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Morphology and physical appearance: (a) Stereo microscope images of chitosan and synthesized CMCH, (b) SEM images of chitosan and synthesized CMCH, and (c) SEM images of synthesized CaO particles.
Figure 4
Figure 4
XRD patterns (a) and elemental composition (b) of synthesized CaO.
Figure 5
Figure 5
FT-IR spectra of CaO, CMCH, and CMCH-CaO bio-composite films.
Figure 6
Figure 6
SEM images of CMCH and CMCH-CaO bio-composite films.
Figure 7
Figure 7
TGA thermograms of (a) CaO and (b) CMCH-CaO bio-composite films.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Water contact angles of CMCH and CMCH-CaO bio-composite films.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Mechanisms of antimicrobial activity of carboxymethyl chitosan.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Mechanisms of antimicrobial activity of CaO.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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