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. 2024 Sep 2;13(17):5195.
doi: 10.3390/jcm13175195.

The Impact of Standing Electric Scooters on Maxillofacial Fractures: An Italian Multi-Centric Epidemiological Study

Giovanni Salzano  1 , Francesco Maffia  1   2 , Luigi Angelo Vaira  3 , Roberta Fusco  4 , Massimo Albanese  5 , Salvatore Crimi  6 , Marco Cucurullo  7 , Fabio Maglitto  8 , Claudia Maugeri  9 , Marzia Petrocelli  10 , Francesca Pitino  11 , Paolo Priore  11 , Fabio Roccia  9 , Alessandro Tel  12 , Anna Maria Baietti  10 , Alberto Bianchi  6 , Federico Biglioli  7 , Chiara Copelli  8 , Giacomo De Riu  3 , Pier Francesco Nocini  5 , Guglielmo Ramieri  9 , Massimo Robiony  12 , Valentino Valentini  11 , Luigi Califano  1
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The Impact of Standing Electric Scooters on Maxillofacial Fractures: An Italian Multi-Centric Epidemiological Study

Giovanni Salzano et al. J Clin Med. .

Abstract

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the impact of standing electric scooters on maxillofacial on the Italian territory. Methods: The authors analyzed the epidemiology of the injuries to define electric mobility's impact on maxillofacial surgery practice. For this retrospective cohort study, data were collected by unifying the standing e-scooter-related fractures database from 10 Italian maxillofacial surgery departments. The reference period considered was from January 2020 to December 2023. The main data considered included age, gender, type of access, time slot of admission, type of admission, alcohol level, helmet use, dynamics of the accident, and area of the fracture. Results: A total of 79 patients were enrolled. The average age of the participants was approximately 31 years. The blood alcohol level was found to be above the Italian norm in 15 cases (19%). Only one patient wore a helmet. The most affected facial third was the middle one with 36 cases (45.5%), followed by the lower one (31, 39.3%). The most recurrent patterns were fractures of the orbito-malar-zygomatic complex (15, 19%), followed by multifocal (bifocal, trifocal) fractures of the mandible (14, 17.5%). Conclusions: This study demonstrated how maxillofacial fractures related to the use of electric scooters are associated with complex patterns, associated with a high rate of post-surgical aftermaths.

Keywords: craniofacial trauma; electric scooters; maxillofacial injury; traffic safety.

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Conflict of interest statement

Author Roberta Fusco participated as the technical consultant for statistical analysis of the company Igea SpA. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Colorimetric map of participating Italian regions. Color intensity changes according to the number of patients enrolled. The participant center home region has been colored entirely for graphical purposes.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Distribution of patients by single city in absolute number and percentage.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Distribution of fracture area (I, II, and III facial third) and their possible combinations by geographical macro-area (North, Central, South, and Islands).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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