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Review
. 2024 Aug 28;29(17):4072.
doi: 10.3390/molecules29174072.

Recent Advances in Fluorescent Polyimides

Manyu Lian  1 , Liyong Tian  1 , Guotao Huang  1 , Siming Liang  1 , Yangfan Zhang  1 , Ningbo Yi  1 , Longfei Fan  1 , Qinghua Wu  1 , Feng Gan  1 , Yancheng Wu  1
Affiliations
Review

Recent Advances in Fluorescent Polyimides

Manyu Lian et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

Polyimide (PI) refers to a type of high-performance polymer containing imide rings in the main chain, which has been widely used in fields of aerospace, microelectronic and photonic devices, gas separation technology, and so on. However, traditional aromatic PIs are, in general, the inefficient fluorescence or even no fluorescence, due to the strong inter- and intramolecular charge transfer (CT) interactions causing unavoidable fluorescence quenching, which greatly restricts their applications as light-emitting functional layers in the fabrication of organic light-emitting diode (OLED) devices. As such, the development of fluorescent PIs with high fluorescence quantum efficiency for their application fields in the OLED is an important research direction in the near future. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of fluorescent PIs as well as the methods to improve the fluorescence quantum efficiency of PIs. It is anticipated that this review will serve as a valuable reference and offer guidance for the design and development of fluorescent PIs with high fluorescence quantum efficiency, ultimately fostering further progress in OLED research.

Keywords: CT interactions; fluorescence; fluorescent polyimide; structure.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(a) The chemical structures of PI-1. (b) Photos of PI-1e films under sunlight and 365 nm UV light. Adapted with permission from Ref. [27]. Copyright 2009, ACS Publications.
Figure 2
Figure 2
(a) The chemical structures of PI-2. (b) The photos of PI-2 (r = 7.69) under white light and 365 nm UV light. Adapted with permission from Ref. [32]. Copyright 2010, ACS Publications.
Figure 3
Figure 3
(a) The chemical structures of PI-1a, PI-3, and PI-4. (b) The photos of PI-1a, PI-3, and PI-4 films under sunlight and 365 nm UV light. Adapted with permission from Refs. [34,35]. Copyright 2015 and 2016, ACS Publications, respectively.
Figure 4
Figure 4
(a) The chemical structures of PI-5. (b) The photos of PI-5 films under sunlight and 365 nm UV light. Adapted with permission from Ref. [36]. Copyright 2021, ACS Publications.
Figure 5
Figure 5
The chemical structures of (a) PI-6 and (b) PI-7. (c) Photos of PI-6 and PI-7 films under sunlight and UV light. Adapted with permission from Ref. [31]. Copyright 2021, Royal Society of Chemistry.
Figure 6
Figure 6
The chemical structures of PI-8-9.
Figure 7
Figure 7
(a) The chemical structures of PI-10 (para-substituted) and PI-11 (meta-substituted). (b) Photos of PI-10a and PI-11a films under sunlight and 365 nm UV light. Adapted with permission from Ref. [41]. Copyright 2020, ACS Publications.
Figure 8
Figure 8
The chemical structures of PI-12.
Figure 9
Figure 9
The chemical structures of PI-13 and PI-14.
Figure 10
Figure 10
(a) The chemical structure of PI-15. (b) Photos of the PI-15 in THF solution and solid film under sunlight and 365 nm UV light. Adapted with permission from Ref. [44]. Copyright 2023, Elsevier.
Figure 11
Figure 11
The chemical structures of PI-16-18.
Figure 12
Figure 12
(a) The chemical structure of PI-19. (b) Photos of the PI-19 in film and solution under UV light. Adapted with permission from Ref. [54]. Copyright 2023, Elsevier.
Figure 13
Figure 13
(a) The chemical structure of PI-20. (b) Photos of PI-20 in NMP solution, PI-20 solid film, and PI-20 ES fiber under 365 nm UV light. Adapted with permission from Ref. [55]. Copyright 2013, Royal Society of Chemistry.
Figure 14
Figure 14
(a) The chemical structure of PI-21. (b) Photos of PI-21 in NMP solution (10 μM) under 365 nm UV light. Adapted with permission from Ref. [56]. Copyright 2019, Elsevier.
Figure 15
Figure 15
(a) The chemical structures of PI-22-24. (b) Photos of PI-23c in NMP solution, PI-23c solid film and PI-23c ES fiber under 365 nm UV light. Adapted with permission from Ref. [57]. Copyright 2013, Wiley.
Figure 16
Figure 16
(a) The chemical structures of PI-25. (b) Photos of PI-25 in NMP solution, PI-25 solid films and PI-25 ES fibers under 365 nm UV light. Adapted with permission from Ref. [58]. Copyright 2015, Royal Society of Chemistry.
Figure 17
Figure 17
(a) The chemical structures of PI-26–29. (b) Photos of PI-26-29 in NMP solution (10 μM) under 365 nm UV light. (c) Photos of PI-26–29 solid films under 365 nm UV light. Adapted with permission from Ref. [59]. Copyright 2015, Royal Society of Chemistry.
Figure 18
Figure 18
(a) The chemical structures of PI-30. (b) Photos of PI-30 in solid, thick film (thickness: ≈35 µm), thin film (thickness: ≈90 nm), and solution state under 365 nm UV light. Adapted with permission from Ref. [60]. Copyright 2022, Wiley.
Figure 19
Figure 19
The chemical structures of PI-31, PI-32, and PI-33.
Figure 20
Figure 20
(a) The chemical structure of PI-34. (b) Photos of PI-34 film under sunlight and 365 nm UV light. Adapted with permission from Ref. [66]. Copyright 2020, Elsevier.
Figure 21
Figure 21
(a) The chemical structures of PI-35. (b) Photos of PI-35 in NMP solution and films under UV light. Adapted with permission from Ref. [45]. Copyright 2018, Acta Polymerica Sinica.
Figure 22
Figure 22
(a) The chemical structure of PI-36. (b) Photo of PI-36 film under UV light. Adapted with permission from Ref. [67]. Copyright 2017, Royal Society of Chemistry.
Figure 23
Figure 23
(a) The chemical structures of PI-37 and PI-38. (b) Photos of PI-37-38 films under 365 nm UV light. Adapted with permission from Refs. [68,69]. Copyright 2017, Royal Society of Chemistry and 2019, Springer Link, respectively.
Figure 24
Figure 24
(a) The chemical structures of PI-39 and PI-40. (b) Photos of PI-39 and PI-40 films under 365 nm UV light. Adapted with permission from Ref. [70]. Copyright 2020, Elsevier.
Figure 25
Figure 25
(a) The chemical structures of PI-41. (b) Photos of PI-41 films under 365 nm UV light. Adapted with permission from Ref. [71]. Copyright 2022, ACS Publications.
Figure 26
Figure 26
(a) The chemical structures of PI-42 and PI-43. (b) Photos of PI-42 and PI-43 films under 365 nm UV light. Adapted with permission from Ref. [73]. Copyright 2021, Elsevier.
Figure 27
Figure 27
(a) The chemical structures of PI-44. (b) Photos of the flexible PI-44 film under sunlight and 365 nm UV light. Adapted with permission from Ref. [78]. Copyright 2016, Royal Society of Chemistry.
Figure 28
Figure 28
(a) The chemical structure of PI-45. (b) PI-45 film under sunlight; (c,d) flexible PI-45 film (30 μm) under 365 nm UV light; (e) PI-45 thin film coated on the quartz plate (100 nm) under 365 nm UV light; (f) PI-45 in NMP solution (2 × 10−2 mg·mL−1) under 365 nm UV light. Adapted with permission from Ref. [79]. Copyright 2018, ACS Publications.
Figure 29
Figure 29
(a) The chemical structures of PI-46. (b) Photos of the flexible PI-46a and PI-46c solutions under sunlight and 365 nm UV light. Adapted with permission from Ref. [82]. Copyright 2010, Springer Nature.
Figure 30
Figure 30
The chemical structures of PI-47.
Figure 31
Figure 31
The chemical structure of PI-48.
Figure 32
Figure 32
(a) The chemical structures of PI-49, and confocal laser scanning microscopy images of (b) PI-49a and (c) PI-49b nanofibrous membranes. Adapted with permission from Refs. [84,87]. Copyright 2010 and 2013, Elsevier.
Figure 33
Figure 33
The chemical structures of PI-50.
Figure 34
Figure 34
(a) The chemical structures of PI-51. (b) Photos of PI-51 films under 365 nm UV light. Adapted with permission from Ref. [89]. Copyright 2022, Elsevier.
Figure 35
Figure 35
(a) The chemical structures of PI-52 and PI-53. (b) Photos of PI-52 and PI-53 films under 365 nm UV light. Adapted with permission from Ref. [90]. Copyright 2022, Elsevier.
Figure 36
Figure 36
(a) The chemical structures of PI-54 and PI-55. (b) Photos of PI-54 and PI-55 films under 365 nm UV light. Adapted with permission from Ref. [91]. Copyright 2023, ACS Publications.
Figure 37
Figure 37
(a) The chemical structures of PI-56. (b) Photos of PI-56 films under 365 nm UV light. Adapted with permission from Ref. [92]. Copyright 2017, Royal Society of Chemistry.
Figure 38
Figure 38
(a) The structure of PI-57. (b) Photos of PI-57 and PTCDA as THF dispersions (0.5 g·L−1) under 365 nm UV light. Adapted with permission from Ref. [94]. Copyright 2015, ACS Publications.
Figure 39
Figure 39
The structure of PI-58. Adapted with permission from Ref. [95]. Copyright 2017, ACS Publications.
Figure 40
Figure 40
The structure of PI-59.
Figure 41
Figure 41
The structure of PI-60.
Figure 42
Figure 42
(a) The structure of PI-61. Photos of PI-61 in various solvents (b) and in DMF containing different metal ions (1 mM) (c) under 365 nm UV light. Adapted with permission from Ref. [98]. Copyright 2021, Elsevier.
Figure 43
Figure 43
The structure of PI-62.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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