Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Randomized Controlled Trial
. 2024 Aug 26;16(17):2857.
doi: 10.3390/nu16172857.

Exploring the Impact of Astaxanthin Supplementation in Conjunction with a 12-Week CrossFit Training Regimen on Selected Adipo-Myokines Levels in Obese Males

Mohammad Ahmadi Moqaddam  1 , Morteza Nemati  2 , Marjan Mansouri Dara  1 , Maha Hoteit  3   4 , Zahra Sadek  4   5 , Akbar Ramezani  6 , Mahboubeh Khak Rand  6 , Asieh Abbassi-Daloii  6 , Zhaleh Pashaei  7 , Abdullah Almaqhawi  8 , Omid Razi  9 , Kurt A Escobar  10 , Rashmi Supriya  11   12 , Ayoub Saeidi  13 , Hassane Zouhal  14   15
Affiliations
Randomized Controlled Trial

Exploring the Impact of Astaxanthin Supplementation in Conjunction with a 12-Week CrossFit Training Regimen on Selected Adipo-Myokines Levels in Obese Males

Mohammad Ahmadi Moqaddam et al. Nutrients. .

Abstract

Objective: Obesity is associated with an exacerbated metabolic condition that is mediated through impairing balance in the secretion of some adipo-myokines. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to explore the impact of astaxanthin supplementation in conjunction with a 12-week CrossFit training regimen on some selected adipo-myokines, insulin insensitivity, and serum lipid levels in obese males.

Material and methods: This study is a randomized control trial design; 60 obese males were randomly divided into four groups of 15, including the control group (CG), supplement group (SG), training group (TG), and combined training and supplement group (TSG). The participants were subjected to 12 weeks of astaxanthin (AST) supplementation [20 mg/d capsule, once/d] or CrossFit training or a combination of both interventions. The training regimen comprised 36 sessions of CrossFit, each lasting 60 min, conducted three times per week. The metabolic indices, body composition, anthropometrical, cardio-respiratory, and also some plasma adipo-myokine factors, including decorin (DCN), activin A, myostatin (MST), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, and follistatin (FST), were examined 12 and 72 h before the initiation of the main interventional protocols, and then 72 h after the final session of the training protocol.

Results: There was no significant difference in the baseline data between the groups (p > 0.05). There were significant interactions between group x time for DCN (η2 = 0.82), activin A (η2 = 0.50), FST (η2 = 0.92), MST (η2 = 0.75), and TGFB-1 (η2 = 0.67) (p < 0.001 for all the variables). Significantly changes showed for DCN in TSG compared to TG and SG and also TG compared to SG (p = 0.0001); for activin A in SG compared to TG (p = 0.01) and TSG (p = 0.002); for FST in SG compared to TG and TSG (p = 0.0001), also in TSG compared to TG (p = 0.0001); for MST in SG, TG, and TSG compared to CG (p = 0.0001) and also in TSG compared to SG (p = 0.0001) and TG (p = 0.001); for TGFB-1 in SG, TG, and TSG compared to CG (p = 0.0001) and also TSG compared to SG (p = 0.0001) and TG (p = 0.001).

Conclusions: The 12-week CrossFit training concurrent with AST supplementation reduced anthropometric and metabolic factors and also serum lipid levels while producing positive changes in body composition and cardiovascular factors. Increased FST and DCN and reduced activin A, MST, and TGF-β1 were other affirmative responses to both interventions.

Keywords: astaxanthin supplementation; exercise; myokines; obesity.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow chart of the participants.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The mean ± standard deviation (SD) values of decorin before and after the training. * shows significant differences with the control group (p < 0.05). # depicts significant interaction between time and group (p < 0.05). € discloses significant interaction between time and group (p < 0.05). Control (CG), supplement (SG), training (TG), and training+ supplement (TSG) groups. & indicates significant differences with the pretest values (p < 0.05).
Figure 3
Figure 3
The mean ± standard deviation (SD) values of activin A before and after the training. * shows significant differences with the control group (p < 0.05). & indicates significant differences with the pretest values (p < 0.05). # discloses significant interaction between time and group (p < 0.05). Control (CG), supplement (SG), training (TG), and training+ supplement (TSG) groups.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The mean ± standard deviation (SD) values for follistatin before and after the training. * indicates significant differences with the control group (p < 0.05). & shows significant differences with the pretest values (p < 0.05). # discloses significant interaction between time and group (p < 0.05). € depicts significant interaction between time and group (p < 0.05). Control (CG), supplement (SG), training (TG), and training+ supplement (TSG) groups.
Figure 5
Figure 5
The mean ± standard deviation (SD) values for myostatin before and after the training. * indicates significant differences with the control group (p < 0.05). & significant differences with the pretest values (p < 0.05). # shows significant interaction between time and group (p < 0.05). € discloses significant interaction between time and group (p < 0.05). Control (CG), supplement (SG), training (TG), and training+ supplement (TSG) groups.
Figure 6
Figure 6
The mean ± standard deviation (SD) values for TGFB-1 before and after the training. * indicates significant differences with the control group (p < 0.05). & shows significant differences with the pretest values (p < 0.05). # discloses significant interaction between time and group (p < 0.05). € depicts significant interaction between time and group (p < 0.05). Control (CG), supplement (SG), training (TG), and training+ supplement (TSG) groups.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Tan C.K., Chong H.C., Tan E.H.P., Tan N.S. Getting ‘Smad’ about obesity and diabetes. Nutr. Diabetes. 2012;2:e29. doi: 10.1038/nutd.2012.1. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Crewe C., An Y.A., Scherer P.E. The ominous triad of adipose tissue dysfunction: Inflammation, fibrosis, and impaired angiogenesis. J. Clin. Investig. 2017;127:74–82. doi: 10.1172/JCI88883. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Lee Y.S., Wollam J., Olefsky J.M. An Integrated View of Immunometabolism. Cell. 2018;172:22–40. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.12.025. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Patsouris D., Li P.-P., Thapar D., Chapman J., Olefsky J.M., Neels J.G. Ablation of CD11c-positive cells normalizes insulin sensitivity in obese insulin resistant animals. Cell Metab. 2008;8:301–309. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2008.08.015. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Kahn S.E., Hull R.L., Utzschneider K.M. Mechanisms linking obesity to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Nature. 2006;444:840–846. doi: 10.1038/nature05482. - DOI - PubMed

Publication types

LinkOut - more resources